Herpes gladiatorum, also known as mat herpes, is a common skin condition caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). It’s the same virus that causes cold sores around the mouth. Once

contracted, the virus stays with you for life. You can have periods when the virus is inactive and not contagious, but you can also have flare-ups at any time. Herpes gladiatorum is

particularly associated with wrestling and other contact sports. In 1989, dozens of high school wrestlers acquired the virus at a wrestling camp in Minnesota. The virus can be transmitted

through other types of skin contact, too. Symptoms Herpes gladiatorum can affect any part of the body. If your eyes become affected, it should be treated as a medical emergency. Symptoms

periods where you have no obvious symptoms. Even when there are no open sores or blisters, you’re still able to transmit the virus. Talk with your doctor about how to check for symptoms and

what precautions you should take with others when you have an outbreak and when you appear to be symptom-free. An outbreak may occur once a year, once a month, or somewhere in between.

Causes Herpes gladiatorum is spread through skin-to-skin contact. If you kiss someone with a herpes cold sore on their lips, you could contract the virus. Although in theory sharing a cup or

other beverage container, a cell phone, or eating utensils with a person with a herpes gladiatorum infection may allow the virus to spread, it’s less likely. You can also contract HSV-1 by

playing sports that involve a lot of skin-to-skin contact, as well as through sexual activity. This is a highly contagious disease. Risk factors An estimated 30 to 90 percent of adults in

the United States have been exposed to herpes viruses, including HSV-1. Many of these people never develop symptoms. If you wrestle, play rugby, or participate in a similar contact sport,

you’re at risk. The most common way for the virus to spread is through skin-to-skin sexual contact. If you have HSV-1, your risk of having an outbreak is higher during stressful periods or

when your immune system is weakened during an illness. Diagnosis If you develop a cold sore or you have other symptoms of herpes gladiatorum, you should avoid physical contact with other

people and seek a medical evaluation. This will help minimize the impact on you and help reduce the risk of transmitting the virus. A doctor can examine your sores and often diagnose your

condition without any testing. However, your doctor will likely take a small sample from one of the sores to be analyzed in a lab. Your doctor can test the sample to confirm a diagnosis. You

may be advised to take a blood test in cases where it’s difficult to distinguish an HSV-1 infection from another skin condition. The test will look for certain antibodies that appear. A

blood test can also be useful if you don’t have any obvious symptoms but are concerned that you may have been exposed to the virus. Treatment Mild cases of herpes gladiatorum may not need

any treatment. You should, however, avoid irritating the sores if they’re still visible. Even if your lesions are dry and fading, you may need to avoid wrestling or any contact that could

cause them to flare up. For more serious cases, prescription antiviral medications can help speed up your recovery time. Medications often prescribed for HSV-1 are acyclovir (Zovirax),

valacyclovir (Valtrex), and famciclovir (Famvir). The drugs may be prescribed as a preventive measure. Even when you’re not having a flare-up, taking an oral antiviral medication may help

prevent outbreaks. Prevention If you have skin-to-skin contact with someone with an HSV-1 infection, talk with your doctor about how to avoid contracting the virus. You’ll probably be

advised to avoid contact during periods when sores are visible. You should know, though, that some people may have the virus, but never have symptoms. In these cases, the virus can still be

transmitted to others. If you get regular testing for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), you should ask for your doctor to include herpes simplex. If you’re a wrestler or other athlete

at higher risk for HSV-1, practice good hygiene. Safe practices include: * showering immediately after practice or a game * using your own towel and making sure it’s washed regularly in hot

water and bleach * using your own razor, deodorant, and other personal items, and never sharing your personal care items with other people * leaving sores alone, including avoiding picking

or squeezing them * using clean uniforms, mats, and other equipment In situations where you may be at high risk of contracting the virus, such as at a wrestling camp, you may be able to

obtain a prescription for an antiviral medication. If you start taking an antiviral several days before possible exposure to the virus, you may be able to significantly reduce your risk of

contracting herpes gladiatorum. To find out more about preventing an HSV-1 infection, talk with your doctor or someone with your local public health office. Outlook There’s no cure for

herpes gladiatorum, but certain treatments can reduce outbreaks on your skin and reduce your odds of transmitting it to others. As well, you can take preventive measures to keep from

acquiring it yourself. If you have an HSV-1 infection, you may go for long periods with no obvious symptoms. Remember, even if you don’t notice symptoms, the virus can still be transmitted.

By working with your doctor and your significant other, as well as your coaches and teammates if you’re an athlete, you may be able to manage your condition successfully and safely for a

long time.