Correlative genetic variation in natural populations of cats, mice and men

Correlative genetic variation in natural populations of cats, mice and men

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ABSTRACT The study of the extent and basis of gene-enzyme variation has long been a principal concern of population genetics. Numerous surveys have indicated considerable amounts of genetic variation detectable in natural populations, with few exceptions1–14. The variances of average heterozygosities (_H_) between species and among populations within species are large, prompting Lewontin to emphasize the importance of large gene sample sizes7 and Selander to encourage analysis of variation of homologous gene-enzyme systems when making species comparisons8. We present here a comparative genetic analysis of electrophoretic variation at 57 homologous biochemical loci of cats, mice and men. The distribution of polymorphism among the sampled loci in the three species was nonrandom. A large group of sampled loci (60%) were monomorphic in all three species, whereas a second group (30%) of the loci were polymorphic in two or more species. This conservation of the tolerance of genetic polymorphism is apparently more a characteristic of a particular locus than of the vertebrate species or of the genome. The current hypotheses for classifying polymorphic and monomorphic loci in terms of physiological and physical enzyme characteristics have been re-examined. Access through your institution Buy or subscribe This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution ACCESS OPTIONS Access through your institution Subscribe to this journal Receive 51 print issues and online access $199.00 per year only $3.90 per issue Learn more Buy this article * Purchase on SpringerLink * Instant access to full article PDF Buy now Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout ADDITIONAL ACCESS OPTIONS: * Log in * Learn about institutional subscriptions * Read our FAQs * Contact customer support SIMILAR CONTENT BEING VIEWED BY OTHERS GENETICS OF RANDOMLY BRED CATS SUPPORT THE CRADLE OF CAT DOMESTICATION BEING IN THE NEAR EAST Article Open access 01 November 2022 POPULATION GENETIC STRUCTURE OF EUROPEAN WILDCATS INHABITING THE AREA BETWEEN THE DINARIC ALPS AND THE SCARDO-PINDIC MOUNTAINS Article Open access 09 September 2021 EVOLUTION OF THE GERMLINE MUTATION RATE ACROSS VERTEBRATES Article Open access 01 March 2023 REFERENCES * Powell, J. in _Evolutionary Biology_ Vol. 8 (eds Dobzhansky, T., Hecht, M. K. & Steere, W. C.) 79–119 (Plenum, New York, 1976). Google Scholar  * Harris, H. & Hopkinson, D. A. _Ann. hum. Genet._ 36, 9–20 (1972). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Lewontin, R. C. & Hubby, J. L. _Genetics_ 54, 595–609 (1966). CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Selander, R. K. & Yang, S. Y. _Genetics_ 63, 653–667 (1969). CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Selander, R. K., Hunt, W. G. & Yang, S. Y. _Evolution_ 23, 379–390 (1969). Article  Google Scholar  * O'Brien, S. J. _J. Hered._ 71, 2–8 (1980). Article  CAS  Google Scholar  * Lewontin, R. C. _The Genetic Basis of Evolutionary Change_ (Columbia University Press, New York, 1974). Google Scholar  * Selander, R. K. in _Molecular Evolution_ (ed. Ayala, F.) 21–45 (Sinauer, Massachusetts, 1976). Google Scholar  * Johnson, G. B. in _Molecular Evolution_ (ed. Ayala, F.) (Sinauer, Massachusetts, 1976). Google Scholar  * Rice, M. C., Gardner, M. B. & O'Brien, S. J. _Biochem. Genet._ 8, 915–928 (1980). Article  Google Scholar  * Racine, R. R. & Langley, C. H. _Nature_ 283, 855 (1980). Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Bonnell, M. L. & Selander, R. K. _Science_ 184, 908–910 (1974). Article  ADS  Google Scholar  * Cameron, D. G. & Vyse, E. R. _Biochem. Genet._ 16, 651–657 (1978). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Manlove, M. N., Baccus, R., Pelton, M. R., Smith, M. H. & Gruber, D. in _Proc. 4th Int. Conf. Bear Research and Management_ (ed. Martinka, C. J.) (Wildlife Management Inst., in the press). * Harris, H. & Hopkinson, D. A. _Handbook of Enzyme Electrophoresis in Human Genetics_ (North Holland, Amsterdam, 1976). Google Scholar  * Pearson, P. L. _et al._ _Cytogenet. Cell Genet._ 25, 82–95 (1979). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * O'Brien, S. J. & Nash, W. G. (submitted). * Shows, T. _et al._ _Cytogenet. Cell Genet._ 25, 96–116 (1979). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Committee on Standardization of Genetic Nomenclature for Mice _J. Hered._ 63, 69–72 (1972). * Harris, H. _Isozyme Bull._ 10, 22–25 (1977). Google Scholar  * Nei, M. & Roychoudhury, A. K. _Am. J. hum. Genet._ 26, 421–443 (1974). CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Gardner, M. B. _Curr. Topics Microbiol Immun._ 79, 215–259 (1978). CAS  Google Scholar  * Berry, R. J. & Peters, J. _Proc. R. Soc._ B197, 485–503 (1977). ADS  CAS  Google Scholar  * Rice, M. C. & O'Brien, S. J. _Nature_ 283, 157–161 (1980). Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Staats, J. _Cancer Res._ 36, 4333–4377 (1976). CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Meera Khan, P., Los, W. R. T., van der Does, J. A. & Epstein, R. B. _Transplantation_ 15, 624–628 (1973). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Klein, J. _Biology of the Mouse Histocompatibility-2 Complex_ (Springer, New York, 1975). Book  Google Scholar  * Gotze, D. (ed.) _The Major Histocompatibility System in Man and Animals_ (Springer, New York, 1977). * Gillespie, J. H. & Kojima, K. _Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A._ 61, 582–585 (1968). Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar  * Kojima, K., Gillespie, J. H. & Tobari, Y. N. _Biochem. Genet._ 4, 627–637 (1970). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Gillespie, J. H. & Langley, C. H. _Genetics_ 76, 837–848 (1974). CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Johnson, G. B. _Science_ 184, 28–37 (1974). Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Zouros, E. _Nature_ 254, 446–448 (1975). Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Koehn, R. K. & Eanes, W. F. _Evolut. Biol._ 11, 39–100 (1978). CAS  Google Scholar  * Harris, H., Hopkinson, D. A. & Edwards, Y. H. _Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A._ 74, 698–701 (1977). Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar  * Kimara, M. & Ohta, T. _Nature_ 229, 467–499 (1971). Article  ADS  Google Scholar  * Lalley, P. A., Minna, J. D. & Franke, U. _Nature_ 274, 160–163 (1978). Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Lalley, P. A., Francke, U. & Minna, J. D. _Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A._ 75, 2382–2386 (1978). Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar  * Hopkinson, D. A., Edwards, Y. H. & Harris, H. _Ann. hum. Genet._ 39, 383–411 (1976). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Sober, H. A. _Handbook of Biochemistry, Selected Data for Molecular Biology_ (CRC, Cleveland, 1970). Google Scholar  * Everitt, B. S. _Br. J. math. stat. Psychol._ 21, 97–103 (1968). Article  Google Scholar  Download references AUTHOR INFORMATION AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * Laboratory of Viral Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health—Frederick Cancer Research Center, Frederick, Maryland, 21701 Stephen J. O'Brien * Biometry Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20205 Mitchell H. Gail & David L. Levin Authors * Stephen J. O'Brien View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Mitchell H. Gail View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * David L. Levin View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE O'Brien, S., Gail, M. & Levin, D. Correlative genetic variation in natural populations of cats, mice and men. _Nature_ 288, 580–583 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1038/288580a0 Download citation * Received: 05 May 1980 * Accepted: 27 October 1980 * Issue Date: 11 December 1980 * DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/288580a0 SHARE THIS ARTICLE Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Get shareable link Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Copy to clipboard Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

ABSTRACT The study of the extent and basis of gene-enzyme variation has long been a principal concern of population genetics. Numerous surveys have indicated considerable amounts of genetic


variation detectable in natural populations, with few exceptions1–14. The variances of average heterozygosities (_H_) between species and among populations within species are large,


prompting Lewontin to emphasize the importance of large gene sample sizes7 and Selander to encourage analysis of variation of homologous gene-enzyme systems when making species comparisons8.


We present here a comparative genetic analysis of electrophoretic variation at 57 homologous biochemical loci of cats, mice and men. The distribution of polymorphism among the sampled loci


in the three species was nonrandom. A large group of sampled loci (60%) were monomorphic in all three species, whereas a second group (30%) of the loci were polymorphic in two or more


species. This conservation of the tolerance of genetic polymorphism is apparently more a characteristic of a particular locus than of the vertebrate species or of the genome. The current


hypotheses for classifying polymorphic and monomorphic loci in terms of physiological and physical enzyme characteristics have been re-examined. Access through your institution Buy or


subscribe This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution ACCESS OPTIONS Access through your institution Subscribe to this journal Receive 51 print issues and online


access $199.00 per year only $3.90 per issue Learn more Buy this article * Purchase on SpringerLink * Instant access to full article PDF Buy now Prices may be subject to local taxes which


are calculated during checkout ADDITIONAL ACCESS OPTIONS: * Log in * Learn about institutional subscriptions * Read our FAQs * Contact customer support SIMILAR CONTENT BEING VIEWED BY OTHERS


GENETICS OF RANDOMLY BRED CATS SUPPORT THE CRADLE OF CAT DOMESTICATION BEING IN THE NEAR EAST Article Open access 01 November 2022 POPULATION GENETIC STRUCTURE OF EUROPEAN WILDCATS


INHABITING THE AREA BETWEEN THE DINARIC ALPS AND THE SCARDO-PINDIC MOUNTAINS Article Open access 09 September 2021 EVOLUTION OF THE GERMLINE MUTATION RATE ACROSS VERTEBRATES Article Open


access 01 March 2023 REFERENCES * Powell, J. in _Evolutionary Biology_ Vol. 8 (eds Dobzhansky, T., Hecht, M. K. & Steere, W. C.) 79–119 (Plenum, New York, 1976). Google Scholar  *


Harris, H. & Hopkinson, D. A. _Ann. hum. Genet._ 36, 9–20 (1972). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Lewontin, R. C. & Hubby, J. L. _Genetics_ 54, 595–609 (1966). CAS  PubMed 


PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Selander, R. K. & Yang, S. Y. _Genetics_ 63, 653–667 (1969). CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Selander, R. K., Hunt, W. G. & Yang, S.


Y. _Evolution_ 23, 379–390 (1969). Article  Google Scholar  * O'Brien, S. J. _J. Hered._ 71, 2–8 (1980). Article  CAS  Google Scholar  * Lewontin, R. C. _The Genetic Basis of


Evolutionary Change_ (Columbia University Press, New York, 1974). Google Scholar  * Selander, R. K. in _Molecular Evolution_ (ed. Ayala, F.) 21–45 (Sinauer, Massachusetts, 1976). Google


Scholar  * Johnson, G. B. in _Molecular Evolution_ (ed. Ayala, F.) (Sinauer, Massachusetts, 1976). Google Scholar  * Rice, M. C., Gardner, M. B. & O'Brien, S. J. _Biochem. Genet._


8, 915–928 (1980). Article  Google Scholar  * Racine, R. R. & Langley, C. H. _Nature_ 283, 855 (1980). Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Bonnell, M. L. & Selander, R. K.


_Science_ 184, 908–910 (1974). Article  ADS  Google Scholar  * Cameron, D. G. & Vyse, E. R. _Biochem. Genet._ 16, 651–657 (1978). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Manlove, M. N.,


Baccus, R., Pelton, M. R., Smith, M. H. & Gruber, D. in _Proc. 4th Int. Conf. Bear Research and Management_ (ed. Martinka, C. J.) (Wildlife Management Inst., in the press). * Harris, H.


& Hopkinson, D. A. _Handbook of Enzyme Electrophoresis in Human Genetics_ (North Holland, Amsterdam, 1976). Google Scholar  * Pearson, P. L. _et al._ _Cytogenet. Cell Genet._ 25, 82–95


(1979). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * O'Brien, S. J. & Nash, W. G. (submitted). * Shows, T. _et al._ _Cytogenet. Cell Genet._ 25, 96–116 (1979). Article  CAS  PubMed 


Google Scholar  * Committee on Standardization of Genetic Nomenclature for Mice _J. Hered._ 63, 69–72 (1972). * Harris, H. _Isozyme Bull._ 10, 22–25 (1977). Google Scholar  * Nei, M. &


Roychoudhury, A. K. _Am. J. hum. Genet._ 26, 421–443 (1974). CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Gardner, M. B. _Curr. Topics Microbiol Immun._ 79, 215–259 (1978). CAS  Google


Scholar  * Berry, R. J. & Peters, J. _Proc. R. Soc._ B197, 485–503 (1977). ADS  CAS  Google Scholar  * Rice, M. C. & O'Brien, S. J. _Nature_ 283, 157–161 (1980). Article  ADS 


CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Staats, J. _Cancer Res._ 36, 4333–4377 (1976). CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Meera Khan, P., Los, W. R. T., van der Does, J. A. & Epstein, R. B.


_Transplantation_ 15, 624–628 (1973). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Klein, J. _Biology of the Mouse Histocompatibility-2 Complex_ (Springer, New York, 1975). Book  Google Scholar 


* Gotze, D. (ed.) _The Major Histocompatibility System in Man and Animals_ (Springer, New York, 1977). * Gillespie, J. H. & Kojima, K. _Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A._ 61, 582–585 (1968).


Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar  * Kojima, K., Gillespie, J. H. & Tobari, Y. N. _Biochem. Genet._ 4, 627–637 (1970). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Gillespie, J. H. &


Langley, C. H. _Genetics_ 76, 837–848 (1974). CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Johnson, G. B. _Science_ 184, 28–37 (1974). Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Zouros,


E. _Nature_ 254, 446–448 (1975). Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Koehn, R. K. & Eanes, W. F. _Evolut. Biol._ 11, 39–100 (1978). CAS  Google Scholar  * Harris, H., Hopkinson,


D. A. & Edwards, Y. H. _Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A._ 74, 698–701 (1977). Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar  * Kimara, M. & Ohta, T. _Nature_ 229, 467–499 (1971). Article  ADS 


Google Scholar  * Lalley, P. A., Minna, J. D. & Franke, U. _Nature_ 274, 160–163 (1978). Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Lalley, P. A., Francke, U. & Minna, J. D. _Proc.


natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A._ 75, 2382–2386 (1978). Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar  * Hopkinson, D. A., Edwards, Y. H. & Harris, H. _Ann. hum. Genet._ 39, 383–411 (1976). Article  CAS 


PubMed  Google Scholar  * Sober, H. A. _Handbook of Biochemistry, Selected Data for Molecular Biology_ (CRC, Cleveland, 1970). Google Scholar  * Everitt, B. S. _Br. J. math. stat. Psychol._


21, 97–103 (1968). Article  Google Scholar  Download references AUTHOR INFORMATION AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * Laboratory of Viral Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National


Institute of Health—Frederick Cancer Research Center, Frederick, Maryland, 21701 Stephen J. O'Brien * Biometry Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,


Bethesda, Maryland, 20205 Mitchell H. Gail & David L. Levin Authors * Stephen J. O'Brien View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar *


Mitchell H. Gail View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * David L. Levin View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed 


Google Scholar RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE O'Brien, S., Gail, M. & Levin, D. Correlative genetic variation in natural


populations of cats, mice and men. _Nature_ 288, 580–583 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1038/288580a0 Download citation * Received: 05 May 1980 * Accepted: 27 October 1980 * Issue Date: 11


December 1980 * DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/288580a0 SHARE THIS ARTICLE Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Get shareable link Sorry, a shareable


link is not currently available for this article. Copy to clipboard Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative