Exosat observation of the candidate x-ray counterpart of geminga

Exosat observation of the candidate x-ray counterpart of geminga

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ABSTRACT During a search for X-ray counterparts of the COS B≥100 MeV γ-ray sources (see refs 1, 2), observations using the Einstein Observatory revealed a new X-ray source, 1E0630 + 178, inside the ∼1/2 square degree error box of the γ-ray source 2GC195+4, ‘Geminga’3. On the basis of its interesting properties, this source has been proposed as the X-ray counterpart of Geminga. A faint (mv∼21), star-like object lying at the inner boundary of the HRI 98% error box has been suggested4–7 as the optical counterpart of the X-ray (and thus the γ-ray) source. No radio counterpart has been detected, despite several searches7,12,13. The region of Geminga was observed with the European Space Agency (ESA) Exosat satellite on 9–10 September 1983, from 22.30 to 07.55 UT. Due to malfunctions in orbit, both Position Sensitive Detectors of the low energy (LE) telescopes were not operable, and only the Channel Multiplier Arrays (CMA1 and 2) gave useful data. The medium energy (ME) and Gas Scintillation Proportional Counter (GSPC) instruments also recorded data although their sensitivity is insufficient to detect this soft ≃0.1 UFU source, also not detected by Einstein's Monitor Proportional Counter (MPC). Access through your institution Buy or subscribe This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution ACCESS OPTIONS Access through your institution Subscribe to this journal Receive 51 print issues and online access $199.00 per year only $3.90 per issue Learn more Buy this article * Purchase on SpringerLink * Instant access to full article PDF Buy now Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout ADDITIONAL ACCESS OPTIONS: * Log in * Learn about institutional subscriptions * Read our FAQs * Contact customer support SIMILAR CONTENT BEING VIEWED BY OTHERS DISCOVERY AND CONFIRMATION OF THE SHORTEST GAMMA-RAY BURST FROM A COLLAPSAR Article 26 July 2021 ULTRA-HIGH-ENERGY GAMMA-RAY BUBBLE AROUND MICROQUASAR V4641 SGR Article 16 October 2024 ULTRAHIGH-ENERGY PHOTONS UP TO 1.4 PETAELECTRONVOLTS FROM 12 Γ-RAY GALACTIC SOURCES Article 17 May 2021 REFERENCES * Caraveo, P. A. _Space Sci. Rev._ 36, 207 (1983). Article  ADS  Google Scholar  * Bignami, G. F. & Hermsen, W. _A. Rev. Astr. Astrophys._ 21, 67 (1983). Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar  * Bignami, G. F., Caraveo, P. A. & Lamb, R. C. _Astrophys. J. Lett._ 272, L9 (1983). Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar  * Caraveo, P. A., Bignami, G. F., Vigroux, L. & Paul, J. A. _Astrophys. J. Lett._ 276, L45 (1984). Article  ADS  Google Scholar  * Halpern, J. P., Grindlay, J. E., Bignami, G. F. & Caraveo, P. A. _IAU Circ._ No. 3907 (1984). * Halpern, J. P. & Grindlay, J. E. _Bull. Am. astr. Soc._ 15, 909 (1983). ADS  Google Scholar  * Caraveo, P. A., Bignami, G. F., Vigroux, L., Paul, J. A. & Lamb, R. C. _Adv. Space Res._ (1984b). * Hertz, P. thesis, Harvard Univ. (1983). * Herz, P. & Grindlay, J. E. _Astrophys. J._ (in the press). * Exosat Observers Guide Rev. 1. (ESA, January 1984). * Mereghetti, A. thesis, Univ. Milan. (1984). * Sieber, W. & Schlickeiser, R. _Astr. Astrophys._ 113, 314 (1982). ADS  CAS  Google Scholar  * Spoelstra, T. A. Th. & Hermsen, W. _Astr. Astrophys._ (in the press). * Zyskin, Yu, & Mukanov, D. _Soviet Astr. Lett._ 9, 117 (1983). ADS  Google Scholar  Download references AUTHOR INFORMATION AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * Istituto de Fisica Cosmica del CNR, Via Bassini 15, 20133, Milano, Italy P. A. Caraveo & G. F. Bignami * Space Science Department of ESA, Exosat Observatory, ESOC, Darmstadt, FRG P. Giommi * Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133, Milano, Italy S. Mereghetti * Service d'Astrophysique, CEA, Saclay, France J. A. Paul Authors * P. A. Caraveo View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * G. F. Bignami View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * P. Giommi View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * S. Mereghetti View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * J. A. Paul View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE Caraveo, P., Bignami, G., Giommi, P. _et al._ Exosat observation of the candidate X-ray counterpart of Geminga. _Nature_ 310, 481–483 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1038/310481a0 Download citation * Received: 20 February 1984 * Accepted: 11 May 1984 * Issue Date: 09 August 1984 * DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/310481a0 SHARE THIS ARTICLE Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Get shareable link Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Copy to clipboard Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

ABSTRACT During a search for X-ray counterparts of the COS B≥100 MeV γ-ray sources (see refs 1, 2), observations using the Einstein Observatory revealed a new X-ray source, 1E0630 + 178,


inside the ∼1/2 square degree error box of the γ-ray source 2GC195+4, ‘Geminga’3. On the basis of its interesting properties, this source has been proposed as the X-ray counterpart of


Geminga. A faint (mv∼21), star-like object lying at the inner boundary of the HRI 98% error box has been suggested4–7 as the optical counterpart of the X-ray (and thus the γ-ray) source. No


radio counterpart has been detected, despite several searches7,12,13. The region of Geminga was observed with the European Space Agency (ESA) Exosat satellite on 9–10 September 1983, from


22.30 to 07.55 UT. Due to malfunctions in orbit, both Position Sensitive Detectors of the low energy (LE) telescopes were not operable, and only the Channel Multiplier Arrays (CMA1 and 2)


gave useful data. The medium energy (ME) and Gas Scintillation Proportional Counter (GSPC) instruments also recorded data although their sensitivity is insufficient to detect this soft ≃0.1


UFU source, also not detected by Einstein's Monitor Proportional Counter (MPC). Access through your institution Buy or subscribe This is a preview of subscription content, access via


your institution ACCESS OPTIONS Access through your institution Subscribe to this journal Receive 51 print issues and online access $199.00 per year only $3.90 per issue Learn more Buy this


article * Purchase on SpringerLink * Instant access to full article PDF Buy now Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout ADDITIONAL ACCESS OPTIONS: * Log in


* Learn about institutional subscriptions * Read our FAQs * Contact customer support SIMILAR CONTENT BEING VIEWED BY OTHERS DISCOVERY AND CONFIRMATION OF THE SHORTEST GAMMA-RAY BURST FROM A


COLLAPSAR Article 26 July 2021 ULTRA-HIGH-ENERGY GAMMA-RAY BUBBLE AROUND MICROQUASAR V4641 SGR Article 16 October 2024 ULTRAHIGH-ENERGY PHOTONS UP TO 1.4 PETAELECTRONVOLTS FROM 12 Γ-RAY


GALACTIC SOURCES Article 17 May 2021 REFERENCES * Caraveo, P. A. _Space Sci. Rev._ 36, 207 (1983). Article  ADS  Google Scholar  * Bignami, G. F. & Hermsen, W. _A. Rev. Astr. Astrophys._


21, 67 (1983). Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar  * Bignami, G. F., Caraveo, P. A. & Lamb, R. C. _Astrophys. J. Lett._ 272, L9 (1983). Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar  * Caraveo, P.


A., Bignami, G. F., Vigroux, L. & Paul, J. A. _Astrophys. J. Lett._ 276, L45 (1984). Article  ADS  Google Scholar  * Halpern, J. P., Grindlay, J. E., Bignami, G. F. & Caraveo, P. A.


_IAU Circ._ No. 3907 (1984). * Halpern, J. P. & Grindlay, J. E. _Bull. Am. astr. Soc._ 15, 909 (1983). ADS  Google Scholar  * Caraveo, P. A., Bignami, G. F., Vigroux, L., Paul, J. A.


& Lamb, R. C. _Adv. Space Res._ (1984b). * Hertz, P. thesis, Harvard Univ. (1983). * Herz, P. & Grindlay, J. E. _Astrophys. J._ (in the press). * Exosat Observers Guide Rev. 1. (ESA,


January 1984). * Mereghetti, A. thesis, Univ. Milan. (1984). * Sieber, W. & Schlickeiser, R. _Astr. Astrophys._ 113, 314 (1982). ADS  CAS  Google Scholar  * Spoelstra, T. A. Th. &


Hermsen, W. _Astr. Astrophys._ (in the press). * Zyskin, Yu, & Mukanov, D. _Soviet Astr. Lett._ 9, 117 (1983). ADS  Google Scholar  Download references AUTHOR INFORMATION AUTHORS AND


AFFILIATIONS * Istituto de Fisica Cosmica del CNR, Via Bassini 15, 20133, Milano, Italy P. A. Caraveo & G. F. Bignami * Space Science Department of ESA, Exosat Observatory, ESOC,


Darmstadt, FRG P. Giommi * Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133, Milano, Italy S. Mereghetti * Service d'Astrophysique, CEA, Saclay, France J. A. Paul


Authors * P. A. Caraveo View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * G. F. Bignami View author publications You can also search for this author


inPubMed Google Scholar * P. Giommi View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * S. Mereghetti View author publications You can also search for this


author inPubMed Google Scholar * J. A. Paul View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS


ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE Caraveo, P., Bignami, G., Giommi, P. _et al._ Exosat observation of the candidate X-ray counterpart of Geminga. _Nature_ 310, 481–483 (1984).


https://doi.org/10.1038/310481a0 Download citation * Received: 20 February 1984 * Accepted: 11 May 1984 * Issue Date: 09 August 1984 * DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/310481a0 SHARE THIS


ARTICLE Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Get shareable link Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Copy to clipboard


Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative