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Melting of peridotite at uppermost lower-mantle conditions

Melting of peridotite at uppermost lower-mantle conditions

Melting of peridotite at uppermost lower-mantle conditions

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ABSTRACT An episode of extensive melting early in Earth's history has been postulated on several grounds, but is still controversial1–9. To investigate the effects of such a 'magma ocean', we have melted a mantle peridotite at conditions equivalent to those obtaining at the top of the lower mantle (25 GPa, 2,000–3,000 °C). As predicted10,11, MgSiO3-rich perovskite is the liquidus phase. A small amount of CaSiO3-rich perovskite12 was observed, and may be the second liquidus phase. Using the Mg/Si, Al/Si, Ca/Si and Ca/Al ratios as constraints, we show that primitive upper-mantle compositions1,13–15 can be derived from a chondritic source with a small degree of MgSiO3-perovskite fractionation (10–20 wt %). Access through your institution Buy or subscribe This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution ACCESS OPTIONS Access through your institution Subscribe to this journal Receive 51 print issues and online access $199.00 per year only $3.90 per issue Learn more Buy this article * Purchase on SpringerLink * Instant access to full article PDF Buy now Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout ADDITIONAL ACCESS OPTIONS: * Log in * Learn about institutional subscriptions * Read our FAQs * Contact customer support SIMILAR CONTENT BEING VIEWED BY OTHERS GENESIS OF HAWAIIAN LAVAS BY CRYSTALLIZATION OF PICRITIC MAGMA IN THE DEEP MANTLE Article Open access 13 March 2023 QUARTZ-BEARING RHYOLITIC MELTS IN THE EARTH’S MANTLE Article Open access 15 December 2022 CALCIUM DISSOLUTION IN BRIDGMANITE IN THE EARTH’S DEEP MANTLE Article 19 October 2022 REFERENCES * 1. Ringwood, A. E. Origin of the Earth and Moon (Springer, New York, 1979). 2. Basaltic Volcanism Study Project. Basaltic Volcanism on the Terrestrial Planets (Pergamon, New York, 1981). 3. Zindler, A. & Hart, S. R. A. Rev. Earth planet. Sci. 14, 493–571 (1986). 4. Anderson, D. / geophys. Res. 84, 6297–6298 (1979). 5. Anderson, D. & Bass, J. D. Nature 320, 321–328 (1986). 6. Nisbet, E. G. & Walker, D. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 60, 103–113 (1982). 7. Ohtani, E. Phys. Earth planet. Inter. 38, 70–80 (1985). 8. Herzberg, C. T. & O'Hara, M. J. Geophys. Res. Lett. 12, 541–544 (1985). 9. Takahashi, E. J geophys. Res. 91, 9367–9382 (1986). 10. Kumazawa, M. (abstr.) Intern. Geodynamics Conf. Tokyo, 276–277 (1978). 11. Ohtani, E., Phys. Earth planet. Inter. 33, 12–25 (1983). 12. Liu, L. & Ringwood, A. E. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 28, 209–211 (1975). 13. Jagoutz, E. et al. Proc. lunar planet. Sci. Conf. 10, 2031–2050 (1979). 14. Sun, S. S. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta 46, 179–192 (1982). 15. Palme, H. & Nickel, K. G. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta 49, 2123–2132 (1985). 16. Ito, E., Takahashi, E. & Matsui, Y. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 67, 238–248 (1984). 17. Ito, E. & Yamada, H. in High–Pressure Research in Geophysics (ed. Akimoto, S.) 405–419 (Reidel, Dordrecht, 1982). 18. Ito, E. & Takahashi, E. in High Pressure Research Applications in Geophysics and Geochemistry (ed. Manghnani, M. H.) (American Geophysical Union, Washington, 1987). 19. Takahashi, E. & Scarfe, C. M. Nature 315, 566–568 (1985). 20. Scarfe, C. M. & Takahashi, E. Nature 322, 354–356 (1986). 21. Takahashi, E. & Ito, E. in High Pressure Research Applications in Geophysics and Geochemistry (ed. Manghnani, M. H.) (American Geophysical Union, Washington, 1987). 22. Nixon, P. H. & Boyd, F. R. in Lesotho Kimberlites (ed. Nixon, P. H.) (Lesotho National Development Corporation, Maseru, 1973). 23. Kato, T. & Kumazawa, M. Geophys. Res. Lett. 13, 181–184 (1986). 24. Ohtani, E., Kato, T. & Sawamoto, H. Nature 322, 352–353 (1986). 25. Irifune, T. & Ringwood, A. E. in High Pressure Research Applications in Geophysics and Geochemistry (ed. Manghnani, M. H.) (American Geophysical Union, Washington, 1987). 26. Ringwood, A. E. & Kesson, S. E. The Moon 16, 425–464 (1977). 27. Walker, D. Contr. Miner. Petrol. 92, 303–307 (1986). 28. Maal0e, S. & Aoki, K. Contr. Miner. Petrol. 63, 161–173 (1977). 29. Kato, T., Irifune, T. & Ringwood, A. E. Geophys. Res. Lett. 14, 546–549 (1987). 30. Kato, T., Irifune, T. & Ringwood, A. E. Lunar Sci. Conf. Abstr. 18, 483–484 (1987). 31. Morgan, J. W. & Anders, E. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77, 6973–6977 (1980). Download references AUTHOR INFORMATION AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori-ken, 682-02, Japan Eiji Ito & Eiichi Takahashi Authors * Eiji Ito View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Eiichi Takahashi View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE Ito, E., Takahashi, E. Melting of peridotite at uppermost lower-mantle conditions. _Nature_ 328, 514–517 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1038/328514a0 Download citation * Received: 03 March 1987 * Accepted: 22 May 1987 * Issue Date: 06 August 1987 * DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/328514a0 SHARE THIS ARTICLE Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Get shareable link Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Copy to clipboard Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

ABSTRACT An episode of extensive melting early in Earth's history has been postulated on several grounds, but is still controversial1–9. To investigate the effects of such a 'magma


ocean', we have melted a mantle peridotite at conditions equivalent to those obtaining at the top of the lower mantle (25 GPa, 2,000–3,000 °C). As predicted10,11, MgSiO3-rich


perovskite is the liquidus phase. A small amount of CaSiO3-rich perovskite12 was observed, and may be the second liquidus phase. Using the Mg/Si, Al/Si, Ca/Si and Ca/Al ratios as


constraints, we show that primitive upper-mantle compositions1,13–15 can be derived from a chondritic source with a small degree of MgSiO3-perovskite fractionation (10–20 wt %). Access


through your institution Buy or subscribe This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution ACCESS OPTIONS Access through your institution Subscribe to this journal


Receive 51 print issues and online access $199.00 per year only $3.90 per issue Learn more Buy this article * Purchase on SpringerLink * Instant access to full article PDF Buy now Prices may


be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout ADDITIONAL ACCESS OPTIONS: * Log in * Learn about institutional subscriptions * Read our FAQs * Contact customer support


SIMILAR CONTENT BEING VIEWED BY OTHERS GENESIS OF HAWAIIAN LAVAS BY CRYSTALLIZATION OF PICRITIC MAGMA IN THE DEEP MANTLE Article Open access 13 March 2023 QUARTZ-BEARING RHYOLITIC MELTS IN


THE EARTH’S MANTLE Article Open access 15 December 2022 CALCIUM DISSOLUTION IN BRIDGMANITE IN THE EARTH’S DEEP MANTLE Article 19 October 2022 REFERENCES * 1. Ringwood, A. E. Origin of the


Earth and Moon (Springer, New York, 1979). 2. Basaltic Volcanism Study Project. Basaltic Volcanism on the Terrestrial Planets (Pergamon, New York, 1981). 3. Zindler, A. & Hart, S. R. A.


Rev. Earth planet. Sci. 14, 493–571 (1986). 4. Anderson, D. / geophys. Res. 84, 6297–6298 (1979). 5. Anderson, D. & Bass, J. D. Nature 320, 321–328 (1986). 6. Nisbet, E. G. & Walker,


D. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 60, 103–113 (1982). 7. Ohtani, E. Phys. Earth planet. Inter. 38, 70–80 (1985). 8. Herzberg, C. T. & O'Hara, M. J. Geophys. Res. Lett. 12, 541–544


(1985). 9. Takahashi, E. J geophys. Res. 91, 9367–9382 (1986). 10. Kumazawa, M. (abstr.) Intern. Geodynamics Conf. Tokyo, 276–277 (1978). 11. Ohtani, E., Phys. Earth planet. Inter. 33, 12–25


(1983). 12. Liu, L. & Ringwood, A. E. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 28, 209–211 (1975). 13. Jagoutz, E. et al. Proc. lunar planet. Sci. Conf. 10, 2031–2050 (1979). 14. Sun, S. S. Geochim.


cosmochim. Acta 46, 179–192 (1982). 15. Palme, H. & Nickel, K. G. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta 49, 2123–2132 (1985). 16. Ito, E., Takahashi, E. & Matsui, Y. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 67,


238–248 (1984). 17. Ito, E. & Yamada, H. in High–Pressure Research in Geophysics (ed. Akimoto, S.) 405–419 (Reidel, Dordrecht, 1982). 18. Ito, E. & Takahashi, E. in High Pressure


Research Applications in Geophysics and Geochemistry (ed. Manghnani, M. H.) (American Geophysical Union, Washington, 1987). 19. Takahashi, E. & Scarfe, C. M. Nature 315, 566–568 (1985).


20. Scarfe, C. M. & Takahashi, E. Nature 322, 354–356 (1986). 21. Takahashi, E. & Ito, E. in High Pressure Research Applications in Geophysics and Geochemistry (ed. Manghnani, M. H.)


(American Geophysical Union, Washington, 1987). 22. Nixon, P. H. & Boyd, F. R. in Lesotho Kimberlites (ed. Nixon, P. H.) (Lesotho National Development Corporation, Maseru, 1973). 23.


Kato, T. & Kumazawa, M. Geophys. Res. Lett. 13, 181–184 (1986). 24. Ohtani, E., Kato, T. & Sawamoto, H. Nature 322, 352–353 (1986). 25. Irifune, T. & Ringwood, A. E. in High


Pressure Research Applications in Geophysics and Geochemistry (ed. Manghnani, M. H.) (American Geophysical Union, Washington, 1987). 26. Ringwood, A. E. & Kesson, S. E. The Moon 16,


425–464 (1977). 27. Walker, D. Contr. Miner. Petrol. 92, 303–307 (1986). 28. Maal0e, S. & Aoki, K. Contr. Miner. Petrol. 63, 161–173 (1977). 29. Kato, T., Irifune, T. & Ringwood, A.


E. Geophys. Res. Lett. 14, 546–549 (1987). 30. Kato, T., Irifune, T. & Ringwood, A. E. Lunar Sci. Conf. Abstr. 18, 483–484 (1987). 31. Morgan, J. W. & Anders, E. Proc. natn. Acad.


Sci. U.S.A. 77, 6973–6977 (1980). Download references AUTHOR INFORMATION AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori-ken,


682-02, Japan Eiji Ito & Eiichi Takahashi Authors * Eiji Ito View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Eiichi Takahashi View author


publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE Ito, E., Takahashi, E. Melting


of peridotite at uppermost lower-mantle conditions. _Nature_ 328, 514–517 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1038/328514a0 Download citation * Received: 03 March 1987 * Accepted: 22 May 1987 * Issue


Date: 06 August 1987 * DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/328514a0 SHARE THIS ARTICLE Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Get shareable link Sorry, a


shareable link is not currently available for this article. Copy to clipboard Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative