Access through your institution Buy or subscribe SIR – Schizophrenia is a heterogenous disorder with a polygenic mode of transmission and additionally contributing environmental factors. The

involvement of an immune process, characterized by a reduced activation of the cellular immune response has been proposed.1 Recent findings describe reduced serum levels of soluble

intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM-1) in unmedicated and medicated schizophrenic patients.2 ICAM-1 plays an important role in the activation of the cellular immune response. The two

ligands of ICAM-1 on lymphocytes and macrophages are lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) and macrophage-1 antigen (MAC-1).3 The human ICAM-1 gene, located on chromosome

including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM).5,6 This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution ACCESS OPTIONS Access through

your institution Subscribe to this journal Receive 12 print issues and online access $259.00 per year only $21.58 per issue Learn more Buy this article * Purchase on SpringerLink * Instant

access to full article PDF Buy now Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout ADDITIONAL ACCESS OPTIONS: * Log in * Learn about institutional subscriptions *

Read our FAQs * Contact customer support REFERENCES * Schwarz MJ et al. _Brain Behav Immun_ 2001; 15: 340–370. * Schwarz MJ et al. _Biol Psychiat_ 2000; 47: 29–33. * Hogg N, Leitinger B . _J

Leukoc Biol_ 2001; 69: 893–898. * Vora DK et al. _Genomics_ 1994; 21: 473–477. * Macchioni P et al. _Clin Exp Rheumatol_ 2000; 18: 553–558. * Nishimura M et al. _Hum Immunol_ 2000; 61:

507–510. * Almawi WY et al. _J Clin Endocrinol Metab_ 1999; 84: 1497–1502. * Gerli R et al. _Trends Immunol_ 2001; 22: 72–77. * Torrey EF, Yolken RH . _Brain Behav Immun_ 2001; 15: 401–410.

Download references AUTHOR INFORMATION AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * Psychiatric Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Germany M Riedel, H Krönig, M J Schwarz, R R Engel, C Sikorski, S

Behrens, H-J Möller, M Ackenheil & N Müller * Psychiatric Hospital, University of Bonn, Germany K-U Kühn Authors * M Riedel View author publications You can also search for this author

inPubMed Google Scholar * H Krönig View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * M J Schwarz View author publications You can also search for this

author inPubMed Google Scholar * R R Engel View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * C Sikorski View author publications You can also search for

this author inPubMed Google Scholar * K-U Kühn View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * S Behrens View author publications You can also search

for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * H-J Möller View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * M Ackenheil View author publications You can also

search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * N Müller View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Correspondence to M J

Schwarz. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Supported by the Theodore and Vada Stanley Foundation. RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE Riedel, M.,

Krönig, H., Schwarz, M. _et al._ Investigation of the ICAM-1 G241A and A469G gene polymorphisms in schizophrenia. _Mol Psychiatry_ 8, 257–258 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4001320

Download citation * Published: 27 March 2003 * Issue Date: March 2003 * DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4001320 SHARE THIS ARTICLE Anyone you share the following link with will be able to

read this content: Get shareable link Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Copy to clipboard Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing

initiative