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![ABSTRACT In total 14 isozyme gene loci were tested for segregation in _Picea abies_. Single tree segregation was not significantly heterogeneous. Pooled over all trees, segregation at the _Idh_-1 and _Pgi_-2 gene loci deviated significantly from the Mendelian expectation. Out of 91 two-locus combinations 57 could be analysed for linkage. The recombination frequencies were estimated employing the maximum likelihood and the Bayesian likelihood methods. Estimations of the recombination rates confirmed the close linkage group of _Got_-1:_Pgi_-2 in Pinaceae. Also _Dia_-2 appears to be linked to _Pgi_-2 and _Got_-1. Moderate linkage groups of _Got_-2:_Skdh_-1 and _Lap_-2:_Pgi_-2 were found but not in all of the investigated trees. SIMILAR CONTENT BEING VIEWED BY OTHERS INVESTIGATION OF GENETIC DIVERSITY AND POLYANDRY OF _LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA_ USING X-LINKED MICROSATELLITE MARKERS Article Open access 11 December 2023 DNA FINGERPRINTING, FIXATION-INDEX (FST), AND ADMIXTURE MAPPING OF SELECTED BAMBARA GROUNDNUT (_VIGNA SUBTERRANEA_ [L.] VERDC.) ACCESSIONS USING ISSR MARKERS SYSTEM Article Open access 15 July 2021 GENETIC DIVERSITY, POPULATION STRUCTURE, AND DNA FINGERPRINTING OF _AILANTHUS ALTISSIMA_ VAR. _ERYTHROCARPA_ BASED ON EST-SSR MARKERS Article Open access 07 November 2023 ARTICLE PDF REFERENCES * Adams, W T, and Joly, R J. 1980. Linkage relationships among twelve allozyme loci in loblolly pine. _J Hered_, 71, 33–40. Article CAS Google Scholar * Allard, R W. 1983. Evidence for genetic restriction of recombination in the Lima bean. _Genetics_, 48, 1389–1395. Google Scholar * Barret, J W, Cheliak, W M, and Knowles, P. 1987. Variation at the PGI/AAT linkage group between populations of black spruce. _Can J For Res_, 17, 756–758 Article Google Scholar * Bergmann, F. 1973. Genetische Untersuchungen bei _Picea abies_ mit Hilfe der Isoenzym-Identifizierung. II. Genetische Kontrolle von Esterase- und Leucinaminopep-tidase-Isoenzymen im haploiden Endosperm ruhender Samen. _Theor Appi Genet_, 43, 222–225. Article CAS Google Scholar * Bergmann, F. 1974. The genetics of some isoenzyme systems in spruce endosperm _(Picea abies)_. _Genetica_, 6, 353–360. Google Scholar * Boyle, T J, and Morgenstern, E K. 1985. Inheritance and linkage relationships of some isozymes of black spruce in New Brunswick. _Can J For Res_ 15, 992–996. Article Google Scholar * Cheliak, W M, Morgan, K, Dancik, B P, Strobeck, C, and Yeh, F C H. 1984. Segregation of allozymes in mega-gemetophytes of viable seed from a natural population of jack pine, _Pinus banksiana_ Lamb. _Theor Appl Genet_, 69, 145–151. Article CAS Google Scholar * Cheliak, W M, and Pitel, J A. 1985. Inheritance and linkage of allozymes in _Larix laricina_. _Silvae Genet_, 34, 142–148. Google Scholar * Cheliak, W M, Skroppa, T, and Pitel, J A. 1987. Genetics of the polycross. 1. Experimental results from Norway spruce. _Theor Appl Genet_, 73, 321–329 Article CAS Google Scholar * Conkle, M T. 1981. Isozyme variation and linkage in six conifer specie. In _Proc. Symp. Isozymes of North American Forest Trees and Forest Insects. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep_., PSW-48, pp. 11–17. * Conkle, M T, Hodgskiss, P D, Nunnally, L B, and Hunter, S C. 1982. Starch gel electrophoresis of conifer seeds: a laboratory manual. _Gen Tech Rep_ PSW-64, Berkley, CA, USDA, p. 18. Google Scholar * Eckert, R R, Joly, R J, and Neale, D B. 1981. GenetlCS of isozyme variants and linkage relationships among allozyme loci in eastern white pine clones. _Can J For Res_, 11, 573–579. Article CAS Google Scholar * Furnier, G R, Knowles, P, Aleksiuk, M A, and Dancik, B P. 1986. Inheritance and linkage in allozymes in seed tissue of whitebark pine. _Can J Genet CytoL_, 28, 601–604. Article CAS Google Scholar * Fisher, R A. 1937. The design of experiments. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh. * Frei, O M, Stuber, C W, and Goodman, M M. 1986. Use of allozymes as genetic markers for predicting performance in maize single cross hybrids. _Crop 5c_ 26, 37–41. Article Google Scholar * Geburek, T H, and Wang, Q-H. Inheritance of isozyme polymorphisms and their linkage relations in Chinese fir _(Cun-ninghamia lanceolata_ (Hook)). _Hereditas_, (submitted). * Geburek, T H, Scholz, F, Knabe, W, and Vornweg, A. 1987. Genetic studies by isozyme gene loci on tolerance and sensitivity in an air polluted _Pinus sylvestris_ field trial. _Silvae Genet_, 36, 49–53. Google Scholar * Guries, R P, Friedman, S T, and Ledig, F T. 1978. A megagametophyte analysis of genetic linkage in pitch pine _(Pinus rigida_ Mill.). _Heredity_, 40, 309–314. Article Google Scholar * Grell, R. 1966. The meiotic origin of temperature induced crossovers in _Drosophila melanogaster_ females. _Genetics_, 54, 411–421. CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar * Jeffreys, H. 1961. _Theory of Probability_. Clarendon Press, Oxford. Google Scholar * King, J N, and Dancik, B P. 1983. Inheritance and linkage of isozymes in white spruce _(Picea glauca)_. _Can J Genet CytoL_, 25, 430–436. Article Google Scholar * Kosambi, B D. 1944. The estimation of map distance from recombination values. _Ann Eugen London_, 12, 172–175. Article Google Scholar * Lundkvist, K. 1974. Inheritance of leucine aminopeptidase isozymes in _Picea abies_ K. _Hereditas_, 76, 91–96. Article CAS Google Scholar * Lundkvist, K. 1975. Inheritance of acid phosphatase isozymes in _Picea abies_ K. _Hereditas_, 79, 221–226. Article CAS Google Scholar * Lundkvist, K. 1979. Allozyme frequency distributions in four Swedish populations of Norway spruce (_Picea abies_ K.). 1. Estimations of genetic variation within and among populations, genetic linkage and a mating system parameter. _Hereditas_, 90, 127–143. Article Google Scholar * Mather, K. 1951. _The Measurement of Linkage in Heredity_, Methuen & Co. London. Google Scholar * Muller-Starck, G, and Liu, Y-Q. Genetics of _Cunninghamia lanceolata_ Hook. 1. Genetic analysis. _Silvae Genet_, (in press). * Moran, G F, Bell, J C, and Hilliker, A J. 1983. Greater meiotic recombination in male vs. female gametes in _Pinus radiat a_. _J Her ed_, 74, 62. Article Google Scholar * Muona, O, Yazdani, R, and Lindquist, G. 1987. Analysis of linkage in _Picea abies_. _Hereditas_, 106, 31–36. Article CAS Google Scholar * Nordheim, E V, O'Malley, D M, and Guries, R P. 1983. Estimation of recombination frequency in genetic linkage studies. _Theor Appl Genet_, 66, 313–321. Article CAS Google Scholar * O'Malley, D M, Guries, R P, and Nordheim, E V. 1986. Linkage analysis for 18 enzyme loci in _Pinus rigida_ Mill. _Theor Appl Genet_, 72, 530–535. Article CAS Google Scholar * Poulsen, H D, Simonsen, V, and Wellendorf, H. 1983. The inheritance of six isozymes in Norway spruce _(Picea abies_ (L.) Karst.). _Forest Tree Improv_, 16, 12–33. Google Scholar * Rao, C R. 1973. _Linear Statistical Inference and Its Application_. John Wiley and Sons, New York. Book Google Scholar * Rudin, D, and Ekberg, I. 1978. Linkage studies in Pint/5 _sylvestris_ L. using macro gametophyte allozymes. _Silvae Genet_, 27, 1–12. CAS Google Scholar * Shiraishi, S. 1988. Linkage relationships among allozyme loci in Japanese black pine, _Pinus thunbergii_ Pari. _Silvae Genet_, 37, 60–66. Google Scholar * Strauss, S H, and Conkle, M T. 1986. Segregation, linkage, and diversity of allozymes in knobcone pine. _Theor Appl Genet_, 72, 483–493. Article CAS Google Scholar * Tigerstedt, P M A. 1973. Studies on isozyme variation in marginal and central populations of _Picea abies_. _Hereditas_, 75, 47–60. Article CAS Google Scholar Download references AUTHOR INFORMATION AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * Federal Research Centre for Forestry and Forest Products, Institute of Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Sieker Landstraße 2, 2, Großhansdorf, D-2070, Federal Republic of Germany Th Geburek & G von Wuehlisch Authors * Th Geburek View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * G von Wuehlisch View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE Geburek, T., von Wuehlisch, G. Linkage analysis of isozyme gene loci in _Picea abies_ (L.) Karst.. _Heredity_ 62, 185–191 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1989.27 Download citation * Received: 07 June 1988 * Issue Date: 01 April 1989 * DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1989.27 SHARE THIS ARTICLE Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Get shareable link Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Copy to clipboard Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative](https://media.springernature.com/w215h120/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41598-023-49002-7/MediaObjects/41598_2023_49002_Fig1_HTML.png)
ABSTRACT In total 14 isozyme gene loci were tested for segregation in _Picea abies_. Single tree segregation was not significantly heterogeneous. Pooled over all trees, segregation at the
_Idh_-1 and _Pgi_-2 gene loci deviated significantly from the Mendelian expectation. Out of 91 two-locus combinations 57 could be analysed for linkage. The recombination frequencies were
estimated employing the maximum likelihood and the Bayesian likelihood methods. Estimations of the recombination rates confirmed the close linkage group of _Got_-1:_Pgi_-2 in Pinaceae. Also
_Dia_-2 appears to be linked to _Pgi_-2 and _Got_-1. Moderate linkage groups of _Got_-2:_Skdh_-1 and _Lap_-2:_Pgi_-2 were found but not in all of the investigated trees. SIMILAR CONTENT
BEING VIEWED BY OTHERS INVESTIGATION OF GENETIC DIVERSITY AND POLYANDRY OF _LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA_ USING X-LINKED MICROSATELLITE MARKERS Article Open access 11 December 2023 DNA
FINGERPRINTING, FIXATION-INDEX (FST), AND ADMIXTURE MAPPING OF SELECTED BAMBARA GROUNDNUT (_VIGNA SUBTERRANEA_ [L.] VERDC.) ACCESSIONS USING ISSR MARKERS SYSTEM Article Open access 15 July
2021 GENETIC DIVERSITY, POPULATION STRUCTURE, AND DNA FINGERPRINTING OF _AILANTHUS ALTISSIMA_ VAR. _ERYTHROCARPA_ BASED ON EST-SSR MARKERS Article Open access 07 November 2023 ARTICLE PDF
REFERENCES * Adams, W T, and Joly, R J. 1980. Linkage relationships among twelve allozyme loci in loblolly pine. _J Hered_, 71, 33–40. Article CAS Google Scholar * Allard, R W. 1983.
Evidence for genetic restriction of recombination in the Lima bean. _Genetics_, 48, 1389–1395. Google Scholar * Barret, J W, Cheliak, W M, and Knowles, P. 1987. Variation at the PGI/AAT
linkage group between populations of black spruce. _Can J For Res_, 17, 756–758 Article Google Scholar * Bergmann, F. 1973. Genetische Untersuchungen bei _Picea abies_ mit Hilfe der
Isoenzym-Identifizierung. II. Genetische Kontrolle von Esterase- und Leucinaminopep-tidase-Isoenzymen im haploiden Endosperm ruhender Samen. _Theor Appi Genet_, 43, 222–225. Article CAS
Google Scholar * Bergmann, F. 1974. The genetics of some isoenzyme systems in spruce endosperm _(Picea abies)_. _Genetica_, 6, 353–360. Google Scholar * Boyle, T J, and Morgenstern, E K.
1985. Inheritance and linkage relationships of some isozymes of black spruce in New Brunswick. _Can J For Res_ 15, 992–996. Article Google Scholar * Cheliak, W M, Morgan, K, Dancik, B P,
Strobeck, C, and Yeh, F C H. 1984. Segregation of allozymes in mega-gemetophytes of viable seed from a natural population of jack pine, _Pinus banksiana_ Lamb. _Theor Appl Genet_, 69,
145–151. Article CAS Google Scholar * Cheliak, W M, and Pitel, J A. 1985. Inheritance and linkage of allozymes in _Larix laricina_. _Silvae Genet_, 34, 142–148. Google Scholar * Cheliak,
W M, Skroppa, T, and Pitel, J A. 1987. Genetics of the polycross. 1. Experimental results from Norway spruce. _Theor Appl Genet_, 73, 321–329 Article CAS Google Scholar * Conkle, M T.
1981. Isozyme variation and linkage in six conifer specie. In _Proc. Symp. Isozymes of North American Forest Trees and Forest Insects. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep_., PSW-48, pp. 11–17. *
Conkle, M T, Hodgskiss, P D, Nunnally, L B, and Hunter, S C. 1982. Starch gel electrophoresis of conifer seeds: a laboratory manual. _Gen Tech Rep_ PSW-64, Berkley, CA, USDA, p. 18. Google
Scholar * Eckert, R R, Joly, R J, and Neale, D B. 1981. GenetlCS of isozyme variants and linkage relationships among allozyme loci in eastern white pine clones. _Can J For Res_, 11,
573–579. Article CAS Google Scholar * Furnier, G R, Knowles, P, Aleksiuk, M A, and Dancik, B P. 1986. Inheritance and linkage in allozymes in seed tissue of whitebark pine. _Can J Genet
CytoL_, 28, 601–604. Article CAS Google Scholar * Fisher, R A. 1937. The design of experiments. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh. * Frei, O M, Stuber, C W, and Goodman, M M. 1986. Use of
allozymes as genetic markers for predicting performance in maize single cross hybrids. _Crop 5c_ 26, 37–41. Article Google Scholar * Geburek, T H, and Wang, Q-H. Inheritance of isozyme
polymorphisms and their linkage relations in Chinese fir _(Cun-ninghamia lanceolata_ (Hook)). _Hereditas_, (submitted). * Geburek, T H, Scholz, F, Knabe, W, and Vornweg, A. 1987. Genetic
studies by isozyme gene loci on tolerance and sensitivity in an air polluted _Pinus sylvestris_ field trial. _Silvae Genet_, 36, 49–53. Google Scholar * Guries, R P, Friedman, S T, and
Ledig, F T. 1978. A megagametophyte analysis of genetic linkage in pitch pine _(Pinus rigida_ Mill.). _Heredity_, 40, 309–314. Article Google Scholar * Grell, R. 1966. The meiotic origin
of temperature induced crossovers in _Drosophila melanogaster_ females. _Genetics_, 54, 411–421. CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar * Jeffreys, H. 1961. _Theory of Probability_.
Clarendon Press, Oxford. Google Scholar * King, J N, and Dancik, B P. 1983. Inheritance and linkage of isozymes in white spruce _(Picea glauca)_. _Can J Genet CytoL_, 25, 430–436. Article
Google Scholar * Kosambi, B D. 1944. The estimation of map distance from recombination values. _Ann Eugen London_, 12, 172–175. Article Google Scholar * Lundkvist, K. 1974. Inheritance of
leucine aminopeptidase isozymes in _Picea abies_ K. _Hereditas_, 76, 91–96. Article CAS Google Scholar * Lundkvist, K. 1975. Inheritance of acid phosphatase isozymes in _Picea abies_ K.
_Hereditas_, 79, 221–226. Article CAS Google Scholar * Lundkvist, K. 1979. Allozyme frequency distributions in four Swedish populations of Norway spruce (_Picea abies_ K.). 1. Estimations
of genetic variation within and among populations, genetic linkage and a mating system parameter. _Hereditas_, 90, 127–143. Article Google Scholar * Mather, K. 1951. _The Measurement of
Linkage in Heredity_, Methuen & Co. London. Google Scholar * Muller-Starck, G, and Liu, Y-Q. Genetics of _Cunninghamia lanceolata_ Hook. 1. Genetic analysis. _Silvae Genet_, (in press).
* Moran, G F, Bell, J C, and Hilliker, A J. 1983. Greater meiotic recombination in male vs. female gametes in _Pinus radiat a_. _J Her ed_, 74, 62. Article Google Scholar * Muona, O,
Yazdani, R, and Lindquist, G. 1987. Analysis of linkage in _Picea abies_. _Hereditas_, 106, 31–36. Article CAS Google Scholar * Nordheim, E V, O'Malley, D M, and Guries, R P. 1983.
Estimation of recombination frequency in genetic linkage studies. _Theor Appl Genet_, 66, 313–321. Article CAS Google Scholar * O'Malley, D M, Guries, R P, and Nordheim, E V. 1986.
Linkage analysis for 18 enzyme loci in _Pinus rigida_ Mill. _Theor Appl Genet_, 72, 530–535. Article CAS Google Scholar * Poulsen, H D, Simonsen, V, and Wellendorf, H. 1983. The
inheritance of six isozymes in Norway spruce _(Picea abies_ (L.) Karst.). _Forest Tree Improv_, 16, 12–33. Google Scholar * Rao, C R. 1973. _Linear Statistical Inference and Its
Application_. John Wiley and Sons, New York. Book Google Scholar * Rudin, D, and Ekberg, I. 1978. Linkage studies in Pint/5 _sylvestris_ L. using macro gametophyte allozymes. _Silvae
Genet_, 27, 1–12. CAS Google Scholar * Shiraishi, S. 1988. Linkage relationships among allozyme loci in Japanese black pine, _Pinus thunbergii_ Pari. _Silvae Genet_, 37, 60–66. Google
Scholar * Strauss, S H, and Conkle, M T. 1986. Segregation, linkage, and diversity of allozymes in knobcone pine. _Theor Appl Genet_, 72, 483–493. Article CAS Google Scholar *
Tigerstedt, P M A. 1973. Studies on isozyme variation in marginal and central populations of _Picea abies_. _Hereditas_, 75, 47–60. Article CAS Google Scholar Download references AUTHOR
INFORMATION AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * Federal Research Centre for Forestry and Forest Products, Institute of Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Sieker Landstraße 2, 2, Großhansdorf,
D-2070, Federal Republic of Germany Th Geburek & G von Wuehlisch Authors * Th Geburek View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * G von
Wuehlisch View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE Geburek,
T., von Wuehlisch, G. Linkage analysis of isozyme gene loci in _Picea abies_ (L.) Karst.. _Heredity_ 62, 185–191 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1989.27 Download citation * Received: 07
June 1988 * Issue Date: 01 April 1989 * DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1989.27 SHARE THIS ARTICLE Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Get shareable
link Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Copy to clipboard Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative