Play all audios:
ABSTRACT Spin is a fundamental property of electrons, with an important role in information storage1,2,3,4. For spin-based quantum information technology, preparation and read-out of the
electron spin state are essential functions5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13. Coherence of the spin state is a manifestation of its quantum nature, so both the preparation and read-out should be
spin-coherent. However, the traditional spin measurement technique based on Kerr rotation, which measures spin population using the rotation of the reflected light polarization that is due
to the magneto-optical Kerr effect, requires an extra step of spin manipulation or precession to infer the spin coherence14,15,16,17,18,19,20. Here we describe a technique that generalizes
the traditional Kerr rotation approach to enable us to measure the electron spin coherence directly without needing to manipulate the spin dynamics, which allows for a spin projection
measurement on an arbitrary set of basis states. Because this technique enables spin state tomography, we call it tomographic Kerr rotation. We demonstrate that the polarization coherence of
light is transferred to the spin coherence of electrons, and confirm this by applying the tomographic Kerr rotation method to semiconductor quantum wells with precessing and non-precessing
electrons. Spin state transfer and tomography offers a tool for performing basis-independent preparation and read-out of a spin quantum state in a solid. Access through your institution Buy
or subscribe This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution ACCESS OPTIONS Access through your institution Subscribe to this journal Receive 51 print issues and
online access $199.00 per year only $3.90 per issue Learn more Buy this article * Purchase on SpringerLink * Instant access to full article PDF Buy now Prices may be subject to local taxes
which are calculated during checkout ADDITIONAL ACCESS OPTIONS: * Log in * Learn about institutional subscriptions * Read our FAQs * Contact customer support SIMILAR CONTENT BEING VIEWED BY
OTHERS ROOM-TEMPERATURE ELECTRON SPIN POLARIZATION EXCEEDING 90% IN AN OPTO-SPINTRONIC SEMICONDUCTOR NANOSTRUCTURE VIA REMOTE SPIN FILTERING Article 08 April 2021 ROBUST COHERENT CONTROL OF
SOLID-STATE SPIN QUBITS USING ANTI-STOKES EXCITATION Article Open access 28 May 2021 APPROACHING A FULLY-POLARIZED STATE OF NUCLEAR SPINS IN A SOLID Article Open access 02 February 2024
REFERENCES * Loss, D. & DiVincenzo, D. P. Quantum computation with quantum dots. _Phys. Rev. A_ 57, 120–126 (1998) Article ADS CAS Google Scholar * Imamoglu, A. et al. Quantum
information processing using quantum dot spins and cavity QED. _Phys. Rev. Lett._ 83, 4204–4207 (1999) Article ADS CAS Google Scholar * Awschalom, D. D., Loss, D. & Samarth, N. (eds)
_Semiconductor Spintronics and Quantum Computation_ (Springer, 2002) Book Google Scholar * Hanson, R., Kouwenhoven, L. P., Petta, J. R., Tarucha, S. & Vandersypen, L. M. K. Spins in
few-electron quantum dots. _Rev. Mod. Phys._ 79, 1217–1265 (2007) Article ADS CAS Google Scholar * Kroutvar, M. et al. Optically programmable electron spin memory using semiconductor
quantum dots. _Nature_ 432, 81–84 (2004) Article ADS CAS Google Scholar * Young, R. et al. Single electron-spin memory with a semiconductor quantum dot. _New J. Phys._ 9, 365 (2007)
Article ADS Google Scholar * Kikkawa, J. M. & Awschalom, D. D. Lateral drag of spin coherence in gallium arsenide. _Nature_ 397, 139–141 (1999) Article ADS CAS Google Scholar *
Bracker, A. S. et al. Optical pumping of the electronic and nuclear spin of single charge-tunable quantum dots. _Phys. Rev. Lett._ 94, 047402 (2005) Article ADS CAS Google Scholar *
Berezovsky, J. et al. Nondestructive optical measurements of a single electron spin in a quantum dot. _Science_ 314, 1916–1920 (2006) Article ADS CAS Google Scholar * Atature, M.,
Dreiser, J., Badolato, A. & Imamoglu, A. Observation of Faraday rotation from a single confined spin. _Nature Phys._ 3, 101–105 (2007) Article ADS CAS Google Scholar * Mikkelsen, M.
H. et al. Optically detected coherent spin dynamics of a single electron in a quantum dot. _Nature Phys._ 3, 770–773 (2007) Article ADS CAS Google Scholar * Kosaka, H. et al. Single
photoelectron trapping, storage, and detection in a field effect transistor. _Phys. Rev. B_ 67, 045104 (2003) Article ADS Google Scholar * Kosaka, H., Mitsumori, Y., Rikitake, Y. &
Imamura, H. Polarization transfer from photon to electron spin in g factor engineered quantum wells. _Appl. Phys. Lett._ 90, 113511 (2007) Article ADS Google Scholar * Baumberg, J. J.,
Awschalom, D. D., Samarth, N., Luo, H. & Furdyna, J. K. Spin beats and dynamical magnetization in quantum structures. _Phys. Rev. Lett._ 72, 717–720 (1994) Article ADS CAS Google
Scholar * Salis, G. et al. Electrical control of spin coherence in semiconductor nanostructures. _Nature_ 414, 619–622 (2001) Article ADS CAS Google Scholar * Gupta, J. A., Knobel, R.,
Samarth, N. & Awschalom, D. D. Ultrafast manipulation of electron spin coherence. _Science_ 292, 2458–2461 (2001) Article ADS CAS Google Scholar * Dutt, M. V. G. et al. Stimulated
and spontaneous optical generation of electron spin coherence in charged GaAs quantum dots. _Phys. Rev. Lett._ 94, 227403 (2005) Article ADS Google Scholar * Greilich, A. et al. Optical
control of spin coherence in singly charged (In,Ga)As/GaAs quantum dots. _Phys. Rev. Lett._ 96, 227401 (2006) Article ADS CAS Google Scholar * Wu, Y. et al. Density matrix tomography
through sequential coherent optical rotations of an exciton qubit in a single quantum dot. _Phys. Rev. Lett._ 96, 087402 (2006) Article ADS Google Scholar * Wu, Y. et al. Selective
optical control of electron spin coherence in singly charged GaAs-Al0. 3Ga0. 7As quantum dots. _Phys. Rev. Lett._ 96, 097402 (2007) Article ADS Google Scholar * Meier, F. &
Zakharchenya, B. P. (eds) _Optical Orientation_ Ch. 2 (Elsevier, 1984) Google Scholar * Vrijen, R. & Yablonovitch, E. A spin-coherent semiconductor photodetector for quantum
communication. _Physica E_ 10, 569–575 (2001) Article ADS CAS Google Scholar * Kosaka, H. et al. Coherent transfer of light polarization to electron spins in a semiconductor. _Phys. Rev.
Lett._ 100, 096602 (2008) Article ADS Google Scholar * Xu, X. et al. Fast spin state initialization in a singly charged InAs-GaAs quantum dot by optical cooling. _Phys. Rev. Lett._ 99,
097401 (2007) Article ADS Google Scholar * Marie, X. et al. Hole spin quantum beats in quantum-well structures. _Phys. Rev. B_ 60, 5811–5817 (1999) Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
Download references ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was supported in part by the Strategic Information and Communications R & D Promotion Program (SCOPE No. 41402001) of the Ministry of
Internal Affairs and Communications in Japan. AUTHOR INFORMATION AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and Spintronics, Research Institute of Electrical Communication,
Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan Hideo Kosaka, Takahiro Inagaki, Yasuyoshi Mitsumori & Keiichi Edamatsu * CREST-JST, Saitama 332-0012, Japan Hideo Kosaka, Yoshiaki Rikitake,
Hiroshi Imamura & Yasuyoshi Mitsumori * Department of Information Engineering, Sendai National College of Technology, Sendai 989-3128, Japan Yoshiaki Rikitake * Nanotechnology Research
Institute, AIST, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan , Hiroshi Imamura Authors * Hideo Kosaka View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Takahiro Inagaki View
author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Yoshiaki Rikitake View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar *
Hiroshi Imamura View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Yasuyoshi Mitsumori View author publications You can also search for this author
inPubMed Google Scholar * Keiichi Edamatsu View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Correspondence to Hideo Kosaka.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION This file contains Supplementary Data (PDF 122 kb) POWERPOINT SLIDES POWERPOINT SLIDE FOR FIG. 1 POWERPOINT SLIDE FOR FIG. 2 POWERPOINT
SLIDE FOR FIG. 3 RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE Kosaka, H., Inagaki, T., Rikitake, Y. _et al._ Spin state tomography of optically
injected electrons in a semiconductor. _Nature_ 457, 702–705 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07729 Download citation * Received: 18 June 2008 * Accepted: 09 December 2008 * Issue Date:
05 February 2009 * DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07729 SHARE THIS ARTICLE Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Get shareable link Sorry, a
shareable link is not currently available for this article. Copy to clipboard Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative