ABSTRACT Free fatty acids provide an important energy source as nutrients, and act as signalling molecules in various cellular processes1,2,3,4. Several G-protein-coupled receptors have been

identified as free-fatty-acid receptors important in physiology as well as in several diseases3,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13. GPR120 (also known as O3FAR1) functions as a receptor for unsaturated

long-chain free fatty acids and has a critical role in various physiological homeostasis mechanisms such as adipogenesis, regulation of appetite and food preference5,6,14,15,16. Here we show

that GPR120-deficient mice fed a high-fat diet develop obesity, glucose intolerance and fatty liver with decreased adipocyte differentiation and lipogenesis and enhanced hepatic

GPR120 signalling activity. Furthermore, the p.R270H variant increases the risk of obesity in European populations. Overall, this study demonstrates that the lipid sensor GPR120 has a key

role in sensing dietary fat and, therefore, in the control of energy balance in both humans and rodents. Access through your institution Buy or subscribe This is a preview of subscription

content, access via your institution ACCESS OPTIONS Access through your institution Subscribe to this journal Receive 51 print issues and online access $199.00 per year only $3.90 per issue

Learn more Buy this article * Purchase on SpringerLink * Instant access to full article PDF Buy now Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout ADDITIONAL

ACCESS OPTIONS: * Log in * Learn about institutional subscriptions * Read our FAQs * Contact customer support SIMILAR CONTENT BEING VIEWED BY OTHERS REGULATION OF PLASMA TRIGLYCERIDE

PARTITIONING BY ADIPOSE-DERIVED ANGPTL4 IN MICE Article Open access 12 April 2021 LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR-RELATED PROTEIN 1 (LRP1) IS A NOVEL RECEPTOR FOR APOLIPOPROTEIN A4 (APOA4)

IN ADIPOSE TISSUE Article Open access 24 June 2021 ROLE OF TIM4 IN THE REGULATION OF ABCA1+ ADIPOSE TISSUE MACROPHAGES AND POST-PRANDIAL CHOLESTEROL LEVELS Article Open access 21 July 2021

ACCESSION CODES PRIMARY ACCESSIONS GENE EXPRESSION OMNIBUS * GSE32095 DATA DEPOSITS Microarray data have been deposited in theNCBI Gene Expression Omnibus under accession number GSE32095.

CHANGE HISTORY * _ 28 FEBRUARY 2012 The Supplementary Tables were missing from the original supplementary information file and have since been added. _ REFERENCES * Nunez, E. A. Biological

complexity is under the ‘strange attraction’ of non-esterified fatty acids. _Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids_ 57, 107–110 (1997) Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Haber, E.

P. et al. Pleiotropic effects of fatty acids on pancreatic β-cells. _J. Cell. Physiol._ 194, 1–12 (2003) Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Itoh, Y. et al. Free fatty acids regulate

insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells through GPR40. _Nature_ 422, 173–176 (2003) Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Cao, H. et al. Identification of a lipokine, a lipid

hormone linking adipose tissue to systemic metabolism. _Cell_ 134, 933–944 (2008) Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Hirasawa, A. et al. Free fatty acids regulate gut

incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion through GPR120. _Nature Med._ 11, 90–94 (2005) Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Steneberg, P., Rubins, N., Bartoov-Shifman, R., Walker, M.

D. & Edlund, H. The FFA receptor GPR40 links hyperinsulinemia, hepatic steatosis, and impaired glucose homeostasis in mouse. _Cell Metab._ 1, 245–258 (2005) Article  CAS  PubMed  Google

Scholar  * Wang, J., Wu, X., Simonavicius, N., Tian, H. & Ling, L. Medium-chain fatty acids as ligands for orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR84. _J. Biol. Chem._ 281, 34457–34464

(2006) Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Ichimura, A., Hirasawa, A., Hara, T. & Tsujimoto, G. Free fatty acid receptors act as nutrient sensors to regulate energy homeostasis.

_Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat._ 89, 82–88 (2009) Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Maslowski, K. M. et al. Regulation of inflammatory responses by gut microbiota and

chemoattractant receptor GPR43. _Nature_ 461, 1282–1286 (2009) Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Ahmed, K. et al. An autocrine lactate loop mediates

insulin-dependent inhibition of lipolysis through GPR81. _Cell Metab._ 11, 311–319 (2010) Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Oh. Da, Y. _et al._ GPR120 is an omega-3 fatty acid receptor

mediating potent anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects. _Cell_ 142, 687–698 (2010) * Hara, T., Hirasawa, A., Ichimura, A., Kimura, I. & Tsujimoto, G. Free fatty acid

receptors FFAR1 and GPR120 as novel therapeutic targets for metabolic disorders. _J. Pharm. Sci._ 100, 3594–3601 (2011) Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Kimura, I. et al. Short-chain

fatty acids and ketones directly regulate sympathetic nervous system via G protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41). _Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA_ 108, 8030–8035 (2011) Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed 

PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Gotoh, C. et al. The regulation of adipogenesis through GPR120. _Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun._ 354, 591–597 (2007) Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  *

Tanaka, T. et al. Free fatty acids induce cholecystokinin secretion through GPR120. _Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol._ 377, 523–527 (2008) Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  *

Miyauchi, S. et al. Distribution and regulation of protein expression of the free fatty acid receptor GPR120. _Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol._ 379, 427–434 (2009) Article  CAS  PubMed

  Google Scholar  * Kido, Y. et al. Tissue-specific insulin resistance in mice with mutations in the insulin receptor, IRS-1, and IRS-2. _J. Clin. Invest._ 105, 199–205 (2000) Article  CAS 

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Bernal-Mizrachi, E., Wen, W., Stahlhut, S., Welling, C. M. & Permutt, M. A. Islet beta cell expression of constitutively active Akt1/PKB alpha

induces striking hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and hyperinsulinemia. _J. Clin. Invest._ 108, 1631–1638 (2001) Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Hosooka, T. et al. Dok1

mediates high-fat diet-induced adipocyte hypertrophy and obesity through modulation of PPAR-γ phosphorylation. _Nature Med._ 14, 188–193 (2008) Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  *

Ntambi, J. M. et al. Loss of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 function protects mice against adiposity. _Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA_ 99, 11482–11486 (2002) Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central

  Google Scholar  * Gutierrez-Juarez, R. et al. Critical role of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) in the onset of diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance. _J. Clin. Invest._ 116, 1686–1695

(2006) Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Jeyakumar, S. M. et al. Fatty acid desaturation index correlates with body mass and adiposity indices of obesity in Wistar NIN

obese mutant rat strains WNIN/Ob and WNIN/GR-Ob. _Nutr. Metab. (Lond.)_ 6, 27 (2009) Article  Google Scholar  * Brown, J. M. et al. Combined therapy of dietary fish oil and stearoyl-CoA

desaturase 1 inhibition prevents the metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis. _Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol._ 30, 24–30 (2010) Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Ichimura, A., Ruike,

Y., Terasawa, K., Shimizu, K. & Tsujimoto, G. MicroRNA-34a inhibits cell proliferation by repressing mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 during megakaryocytic differentiation of

K562 cells. _Mol. Pharmacol._ 77, 1016–1024 (2010) Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Hara, T. et al. Novel selective ligands for free fatty acid receptors GPR120 and GPR40. _Naunyn

Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol._ 380, 247–255 (2009) Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Sun, Q. et al. Structure-activity relationships of GPR120 agonists based on a docking simulation.

_Mol. Pharmacol._ 78, 804–810 (2010) Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Gautier, L., Cope, L., Bolstad, B. M. & Irizarry, R. A. affy–analysis of Affymetrix GeneChip data at the

probe level. _Bioinformatics_ 20, 307–315 (2004) Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Poulain-Godefroy, O., Lecoeur, C., Pattou, F., Fruhbeck, G. & Froguel, P. Inflammation is

associated with a decrease of lipogenic factors in omental fat in women. _Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol._ 295, R1–R7 (2008) Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Meyre, D.

et al. Genome-wide association study for early-onset and morbid adult obesity identifies three new risk loci in European populations. _Nature Genet._ 41, 157–159 (2009) Article  CAS  PubMed

  Google Scholar  * Morandi, A. et al. The Q121 variant of ENPP1 may protect from childhood overweight/obesity in the Italian population. _Obesity (Silver Spring)_ 17, 202–206 (2009) Article

  CAS  Google Scholar  * Buzzetti, R. et al. PPAR-γ2 Pro12Ala variant is associated with greater insulin sensitivity in childhood obesity. _Pediatr. Res._ 57, 138–140 (2005) Article  CAS 

PubMed  Google Scholar  * Järvelin, M. R. et al. Ecological and individual predictors of birthweight in a northern Finland birth cohort 1986. _Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol._ 11, 298–312

(1997) Article  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Peeters, A. et al. Variants in the FTO gene are associated with common obesity in the Belgian population. _Mol. Genet. Metab._ 93, 481–484 (2008)

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Steffen, R., Potoczna, N., Bieri, N. & Horber, F. F. Successful multi-intervention treatment of severe obesity: a 7-year prospective study with

96% follow-up. _Obes. Surg._ 19, 3–12 (2009) Article  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Rouskas, K. et al. Association between BBS6/MKKS gene polymorphisms, obesity and metabolic syndrome in the

Greek population. _Int. J. Obes. (Lond.)_ 32, 1618–1625 (2008) Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar  * Balkau, B. An epidemiologic survey from a network of French Health Examination Centres

(D.E.S.I.R.): epidemiologic data on the insulin resistance syndrome [in French]. _Rev. Epidemiol. Sante Publique_ 44, 373–375 (1996) CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Jaquet, D., Collin, D.,

Levy-Marchal, C. & Czernichow, P. Adult height distribution in subjects born small for gestational age. _Horm. Res._ 62, 92–96 (2004) CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Meyre, D. et al.

R125W coding variant in TBC1D1 confers risk for familial obesity and contributes to linkage on chromosome 4p14 in the French population. _Hum. Mol. Genet._ 17, 1798–1802 (2008) Article  CAS

  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Jarick, I. et al. Novel common copy number variation for early onset extreme obesity on chromosome 11q11 identified by a genome-wide analysis. _Hum. Mol. Genet._

20, 840–852 (2011) Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Poskitt, E. M. Defining childhood obesity: the relative body mass index (BMI). European Childhood Obesity group. _Acta Paediatr._

84, 961–963 (1995) Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Rolland-Cachera, M. F. et al. Body mass index variations: centiles from birth to 87 years. _Eur. J. Clin. Nutr._ 45, 13–21 (1991)

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Siepel, A. et al. Evolutionarily conserved elements in vertebrate, insect, worm, and yeast genomes. _Genome Res._ 15, 1034–1050 (2005) Article  CAS  PubMed 

PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Ramensky, V., Bork, P. & Sunyaev, S. Human non-synonymous SNPs: server and survey. _Nucleic Acids Res._ 30, 3894–3900 (2002) Article  CAS  PubMed 

PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Sunyaev, S. et al. Prediction of deleterious human alleles. _Hum. Mol. Genet._ 10, 591–597 (2001) Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Thomas, P. D. et

al. PANTHER: a library of protein families and subfamilies indexed by function. _Genome Res._ 13, 2129–2141 (2003) Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Kumar, P.,

Henikoff, S. & Ng, P. C. Predicting the effects of coding non-synonymous variants on protein function using the SIFT algorithm. _Nature Protocols_ 4, 1073–1081 (2009) Article  CAS 

PubMed  Google Scholar  * Bromberg, Y., Yachdav, G. & Rost, B. SNAP predicts effect of mutations on protein function. _Bioinformatics_ 24, 2397–2398 (2008) Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed

Central  Google Scholar  * Ferrer-Costa, C. et al. PMUT: a web-based tool for the annotation of pathological mutations on proteins. _Bioinformatics_ 21, 3176–3178 (2005) Article  CAS  PubMed

  Google Scholar  Download references ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are indebted to all subjects who participated in these studies. In Japan, the study was supported in part by research grants from

the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan; the Japan Science and Technology Agency; and the Funding Program

for World-Leading Innovative R&D on Science and Technology (FIRST Program), initiated by the Council for Science and Technology Policy. A.I. is a fellow of the Japan Society for the

Promotion of Science. A.B. is a fellow of the EU-funded EUROCHIP consortium. In France, the study was supported by le Conseil Régional Nord Pas de Calais/FEDER and the Agence Nationale de la

Recherche (Programme de Recherche en Nutrition et Alimentation, SensoFAT). The Northern Finland Birth Cohort Studies 1986 received financial support from the Academy of Finland, the

University Hospital of Oulu (Finland), the University of Oulu (Finland), the European Commission (EURO-BLCS, Framework 5 award QLG1-CT-2000-01643), and the Medical Research Council

(G0500539, G0600705, PrevMetSyn/SALVE). We thank the ABOS consortium and the CIC-CCPPRB (Lille CHRU) team for their help in sample handling and clinical data collection. We are grateful to

M. Deweirder and F. Allegaert for human DNA bank management. AUTHOR INFORMATION Author notes * Atsuhiko Ichimura, Akira Hirasawa, Odile Poulain-Godefroy and Amélie Bonnefond: These authors

contributed equally to this work. AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * Department of Genomic Drug Discovery Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida

Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan, Atsuhiko Ichimura, Akira Hirasawa, Takafumi Hara, Ikuo Kimura, Ning Liu, Keiko Iida, Kumiko Ayukawa, Masato Takeuchi, Kentaro Ozawa & 

Gozoh Tsujimoto * Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille 59000, France, Odile Poulain-Godefroy, Amélie

Bonnefond, Loïc Yengo, Audrey Leloire, Hélène Choquet, Cécile Lecoeur, Sidonie Vivequin, Anita Morandi, Konstantinos Rouskas, David Meyre, Isabelle Wolowczuk & Philippe Froguel * Lille

Nord de France University, Lille 59000, France, Odile Poulain-Godefroy, Amélie Bonnefond, Loïc Yengo, Audrey Leloire, Hélène Choquet, Cécile Lecoeur, Sidonie Vivequin, Anita Morandi, 

Konstantinos Rouskas, David Meyre, Isabelle Wolowczuk & Philippe Froguel * Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm)-UMR U866, Physiologie de la Nutrition,

Bourgogne University, AgroSup Dijon, Dijon 21078, France, Philippe Besnard * Inserm-U563, Children’s Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Toulouse 31000, France, Maithé Tauber *

Regional Centre for Juvenile Diabetes, Obesity and Clinical Nutrition, Verona 37134, Italy, Claudio Maffeis & Anita Morandi * Department of Mother and Child, Biology-Genetics, Section of

Paediatrics, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy, Claudio Maffeis * Department of Clinical Sciences, La Sapienza University, Rome 00161, Italy, Raffaella Buzzetti * Department of

Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Medical Research Council-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, St Mary’s campus, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK, Paul

Elliott & Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin * National Public Health Institute, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland, Anneli Pouta & Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin * Institute of

Clinical Medicine/Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland, Anneli Pouta * Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland, Marjo-Riitta

Jarvelin * Department of Women’s & Child Health, Center for Pediatric Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04317, Germany, Antje Körner & Wieland Kiess * Inserm-U859, Lille Nord

de France University, Lille 59000, France, Marie Pigeyre, Roberto Caiazzo & François Pattou * Lille University Hospital, Nutrition, Lille 59000, France, Marie Pigeyre * Lille University

Hospital, Endocrine Surgery, Lille 59000, France, Roberto Caiazzo & François Pattou * Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium, Wim Van Hul *

Department of Endocrinology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp 2650, Belgium, Luc Van Gaal * Department of Surgery and Internal Medicine, Medical Department, Clinic Lindberg, Winterthur

8400, and University of Berne, Berne 3011, Switzerland, Fritz Horber * Inserm-U780, Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CRESP), Villejuif 94800, France, Beverley

Balkau * Paris-Sud 11 University, Orsay 91405, France, Beverley Balkau * Inserm-U690, Robert Debré hospital, Paris 75935, France, Claire Lévy-Marchal * Department of Genetics, Development

and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 541 24, Greece, Konstantinos Rouskas & Anastasia Kouvatsi * Department of Child and

Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45147, Germany, Johannes Hebebrand & Anke Hinney * Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of

Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45122, Germany, Andre Scherag * McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada, David Meyre * Department of Pharmacology, Division of Molecular Pharmacology,

Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan, Taka-aki Koshimizu * Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital,

London W12 0NN, UK, Philippe Froguel Authors * Atsuhiko Ichimura View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Akira Hirasawa View author

publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Odile Poulain-Godefroy View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar *

Amélie Bonnefond View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Takafumi Hara View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed 

Google Scholar * Loïc Yengo View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Ikuo Kimura View author publications You can also search for this author

inPubMed Google Scholar * Audrey Leloire View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Ning Liu View author publications You can also search for this

author inPubMed Google Scholar * Keiko Iida View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Hélène Choquet View author publications You can also

search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Philippe Besnard View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Cécile Lecoeur View author

publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Sidonie Vivequin View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Kumiko

Ayukawa View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Masato Takeuchi View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google

Scholar * Kentaro Ozawa View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Maithé Tauber View author publications You can also search for this author

inPubMed Google Scholar * Claudio Maffeis View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Anita Morandi View author publications You can also search

for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Raffaella Buzzetti View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Paul Elliott View author publications You

can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Anneli Pouta View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin View

author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Antje Körner View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Wieland

Kiess View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Marie Pigeyre View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google

Scholar * Roberto Caiazzo View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Wim Van Hul View author publications You can also search for this author

inPubMed Google Scholar * Luc Van Gaal View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Fritz Horber View author publications You can also search for

this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Beverley Balkau View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Claire Lévy-Marchal View author publications You

can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Konstantinos Rouskas View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Anastasia Kouvatsi View

author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Johannes Hebebrand View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar *

Anke Hinney View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Andre Scherag View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google

Scholar * François Pattou View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * David Meyre View author publications You can also search for this author

inPubMed Google Scholar * Taka-aki Koshimizu View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Isabelle Wolowczuk View author publications You can also

search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Gozoh Tsujimoto View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Philippe Froguel View author

publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar CONTRIBUTIONS A.I., A. Hirasawa, O.P.-G. and A.B. are equally contributing first authors. G.T. and P.F. had the ideas

for the mouse and human projects, respectively. A.I., A. Hirasawa, A.B., P.F. and G.T. drafted the manuscript. O.P.-G., H.C., D.M. and I.W. edited the manuscript and contributed to

discussions. A. Hirasawa and G.T. designed the mouse research. A.I., A. Hirasawa, K.I. and G.T. created _Gpr120_-mutant mice. A.I., A. Hirasawa, A. Körner, T.H., I.K., T.-a.K., K.A., M.

Takeuchi, K.O., N.L. and G.T. conducted biochemical and histochemical analyses for the mouse study. A.I. and A. Hirasawa performed bioinformatic analysis for the mouse study. L.Y. and C.L.

performed the statistical analyses, and A.B. contributed to statistical analyses for the human study. O.P.-G. and I.W. designed the human expression gene study. A.L. performed the human

expression gene study. H.C. and S.V. performed _GPR120_ sequencing and variant genotyping, respectively. P.B., M. Tauber, C.M., A.M., R.B., P.E., M.-R.J., W.V.H., L.V.G., F.H., B.B.,

C.L.-M., K.R., A. Kouvatsi and F.P. contributed to cohort-study samples and researched data. CORRESPONDING AUTHORS Correspondence to Gozoh Tsujimoto or Philippe Froguel. ETHICS DECLARATIONS

COMPETING INTERESTS The authors declare no competing financial interests. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION This file contains Supplementary Figures 1-7 with legends and

Supplementary Tables 1-7. _The Supplementary Tables were missing from the original file posted on line and were added on 28 February 2012._ (PDF 2380 kb) POWERPOINT SLIDES POWERPOINT SLIDE

FOR FIG. 1 POWERPOINT SLIDE FOR FIG. 2 POWERPOINT SLIDE FOR FIG. 3 RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE Ichimura, A., Hirasawa, A.,

Poulain-Godefroy, O. _et al._ Dysfunction of lipid sensor GPR120 leads to obesity in both mouse and human. _Nature_ 483, 350–354 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10798 Download citation

* Received: 09 November 2011 * Accepted: 14 December 2011 * Published: 19 February 2012 * Issue Date: 15 March 2012 * DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10798 SHARE THIS ARTICLE Anyone you

share the following link with will be able to read this content: Get shareable link Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Copy to clipboard Provided by the

Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative