ABSTRACT MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), 20- to 27-nt in length, are essential regulatory molecules that act as sequence-specific guides in several processes in most

eukaryotes (with the notable exception of the yeast _Saccharomyces cerevisiae_). These processes include DNA elimination, heterochromatin assembly, mRNA cleavage and translational

repression. This review focuses on the regulatory roles of plant miRNAs during development, in the adaptive response to stresses and in the miRNA pathway itself. This review also covers the

regulatory roles of two classes of endogenous plant siRNAs, ta-siRNAs and nat-siRNAs, which participate in post-transcriptional control of gene expression. Access through your institution

which are calculated during checkout ADDITIONAL ACCESS OPTIONS: * Log in * Learn about institutional subscriptions * Read our FAQs * Contact customer support SIMILAR CONTENT BEING VIEWED BY

OTHERS ANALYSIS OF MRNA-DERIVED SIRNAS IN MUTANTS OF MRNA MATURATION AND SURVEILLANCE PATHWAYS IN _ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA_ Article Open access 27 January 2022 IDENTIFICATION OF KEY SEQUENCE

FEATURES REQUIRED FOR MICRORNA BIOGENESIS IN PLANTS Article Open access 21 October 2020 PLANT AND ANIMAL SMALL RNA COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN CELLS AND ORGANISMS Article 27 October 2021

REFERENCES * Bartel, D.P. MicroRNAs: genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function. _Cell_ 116, 281–297 (2004). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Ambros, V. The functions of animal

microRNAs. _Nature_ 431, 350–355 (2004). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Kim, V.N. Small RNAs: classification, biogenesis, and function. _Mol. Cells_ 19, 1–15 (2005). Article  CAS 

PubMed  Google Scholar  * Du, T. & Zamore, P.D. microPrimer: the biogenesis and function of microRNA. _Development_ 132, 4645–4652 (2005). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Lewis,

B.P., Burge, C.B. & Bartel, D.P. Conserved seed pairing, often flanked by adenosines, indicates that thousands of human genes are microRNA targets. _Cell_ 120, 15–20 (2005). Article  CAS

  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Baulcombe, D. RNA silencing in plants. _Nature_ 431, 356–363 (2004). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Bao, N., Lye, K.W. & Barton, M.K. MicroRNA

binding sites in _Arabidopsis_ class III HD-ZIP mRNAs are required for methylation of the template chromosome. _Dev. Cell_ 7, 653–662 (2004). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Chan,

S.W., Henderson, I.R. & Jacobsen, S.E. Gardening the genome: DNA methylation in _Arabidopsis thaliana_. _Nat. Rev. Genet._ 6, 351–360 (2005). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  *

Matzke, M.A., Matzke, A.J., Pruss, G.J. & Vance, V.B. RNA-based silencing strategies in plants. _Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev._ 11, 221–227 (2001). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  *

Verdel, A. & Moazed, D. RNAi-directed assembly of heterochromatin in fission yeast. _FEBS Lett._ 579, 5872–5878 (2005). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Xie, Z. et al. Genetic and

functional diversification of small RNA pathways in plants. _PLoS Biol._ 2, 642–652 (2004). Article  CAS  Google Scholar  * Akbergenov, R. et al. Molecular characterization of

geminivirus-derived small RNAs in different plant species. _Nucleic Acids Res._ 34, 462–471 (2006). Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Dunoyer, P. & Voinnet, O. The

complex interplay between plant viruses and host RNA-silencing pathways. _Curr. Opin. Plant Biol._ 8, 415–423 (2005). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Pruss, G., Ge, X., Shi, X.M.,

Carrington, J.C. & Bowman Vance, V. Plant viral synergism: the potyviral genome encodes a broad-range pathogenicity enhancer that transactivates replication of heterologous viruses.

_Plant Cell_ 9, 859–868 (1997). Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Vance, V. & Vaucheret, H. RNA silencing in plants—defense and counterdefense. _Science_ 292,

2277–2280 (2001). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Napoli, C., Lemieux, C. & Jorgensen, R. Introduction of a chimeric chalcone synthase gene into Petunia results in reversible

co-suppression of homologous genes in _trans_. _Plant Cell_ 2, 279–289 (1990). Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Allen, E., Xie, Z., Gustafson, A.M. & Carrington,

J.C. microRNA-directed phasing during _trans_-acting siRNA biogenesis in plants. _Cell_ 121, 207–221 (2005). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Gasciolli, V., Mallory, A.C., Bartel,

D.P. & Vaucheret, H. Partially redundant functions of _Arabidopsis_ DICER-like enzymes and a role for DCL4 in producing trans-acting siRNAs. _Curr. Biol._ 15, 1494–1500 (2005). Article 

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Peragine, A., Yoshikawa, M., Wu, G., Albrecht, H.L. & Poethig, R.S. SGS3 and SGS2/SDE1/RDR6 are required for juvenile development and the production of

_trans_-acting siRNAs in _Arabidopsis_. _Genes Dev._ 18, 2368–2379 (2004). Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Vazquez, F. et al. Endogenous _trans_-acting siRNAs

regulate the accumulation of _Arabidopsis_ mRNAs. _Mol. Cell_ 16, 69–79 (2004). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Xie, Z., Allen, E., Wilken, A. & Carrington, J.C. DICER-LIKE 4

functions in _trans_-acting small interfering RNA biogenesis and vegetative phase change in _Arabidopsis thaliana_. _Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA_ 102, 12984–12989 (2005). Article  CAS  PubMed

  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Yoshikawa, M., Peragine, A., Park, M.Y. & Poethig, R.S. A pathway for the biogenesis of trans-acting siRNAs in _Arabidopsis_. _Genes Dev._ 19,

2164–2175 (2005). Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Borsani, O., Zhu, J., Verslues, P.E., Sunkar, R. & Zhu, J.K. Endogenous siRNAs derived from a pair of natural

_cis_-antisense transcripts regulate salt tolerance in _Arabidopsis_. _Cell_ 123, 1279–1291 (2005). Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Chan, S.W. et al. RNA silencing

genes control _de novo_ DNA methylation. _Science_ 303, 1336 (2004). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Lippman, Z. et al. Role of transposable elements in heterochromatin and

epigenetic control. _Nature_ 430, 471–476 (2004). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Bagga, S. et al. Regulation by let-7 and lin-4 miRNAs results in target mRNA degradation. _Cell_

122, 553–563 (2005). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Valencia-Sanchez, M.A., Liu, J., Hannon, G.J. & Parker, R. Control of translation and mRNA degradation by miRNAs and siRNAs.

_Genes Dev._ 20, 515–524 (2006). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Wu, L., Fan, J. & Belasco, J.G. MicroRNAs direct rapid deadenylation of mRNA. _Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA_ 103,

4034–4039 (2006). Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Yekta, S., Shih, I.H. & Bartel, D.P. MicroRNA-directed cleavage of _HOXB8_ mRNA. _Science_ 304, 594–596 (2004).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Kurihara, Y. & Watanabe, Y. _Arabidopsis_ microRNA biogenesis through Dicer-like 1 protein functions. _Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA_ 101,

12753–12758 (2004). Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Kurihara, Y., Takashi, Y. & Watanabe, Y. The interaction between DCL1 and HYL1 is important for efficient and

precise processing of pri-miRNA in plant microRNA biogenesis. _RNA_ 12, 206–212 (2006). Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Han, M.H., Goud, S., Song, L. & Fedoroff,

N. The _Arabidopsis_ double-stranded RNA-binding protein HYL1 plays a role in microRNA-mediated gene regulation. _Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA_ 101, 1093–1098 (2004). Article  CAS  PubMed 

PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Park, W., Li, J., Song, R., Messing, J. & Chen, X. CARPEL FACTORY, a Dicer homolog, and HEN1, a novel protein, act in microRNA metabolism in

_Arabidopsis thaliana_. _Curr. Biol._ 12, 1484–1495 (2002). Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Reinhart, B.J., Weinstein, E.G., Rhoades, M.W., Bartel, B. & Bartel,

D.P. MicroRNAs in plants. _Genes Dev._ 16, 1616–1626 (2002). Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Vazquez, F., Gasciolli, V., Crété, P. & Vaucheret, H. The nuclear

dsRNA binding protein HYL1 is required for microRNA accumulation and plant development, but not posttranscriptional transgene silencing. _Curr. Biol._ 14, 346–351 (2004). Article  CAS 

PubMed  Google Scholar  * Yu, B. et al. Methylation as a crucial step in plant microRNA biogenesis. _Science_ 307, 932–935 (2005). Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  *

Vaucheret, H., Vazquez, F., Crété, P. & Bartel, D.P. The action of _ARGONAUTE1_ in the miRNA pathway and its regulation by the miRNA pathway are crucial for plant development. _Genes

Dev._ 18, 1187–1197 (2004). Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Qi, Y., Denli, A.M. & Hannon, G.J. Biochemical specialization within _Arabidopsis_ RNA silencing

pathways. _Mol. Cell_ 19, 421–428 (2005). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Baumberger, N. & Baulcombe, D.C. _Arabidopsis_ ARGONAUTE1 is an RNA Slicer that selectively recruits

microRNAs and short interfering RNAs. _Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA_ 102, 11928–11933 (2005). Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Park, M.Y., Wu, G., Gonzalez-Sulser, A.,

Vaucheret, H. & Poethig, R.S. Nuclear processing and export of microRNAs in _Arabidopsis_. _Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA_ 102, 3691–3696 (2005). Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central 

Google Scholar  * Xie, Z., Kasschau, K.D. & Carrington, J.C. Negative feedback regulation of _Dicer-Like1_ in _Arabidopsis_ by microRNA-guided mRNA. _Curr. Biol._ 13, 784–789 (2003).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Palatnik, J.F. et al. Control of leaf morphogenesis by microRNAs. _Nature_ 425, 257–263 (2003). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Llave, C.,

Xie, Z., Kasschau, K.D. & Carrington, J.C. Cleavage of _Scarecrow-like_ mRNA targets directed by a class of _Arabidopsis_ miRNA. _Science_ 297, 2053–2056 (2002). Article  CAS  PubMed 

Google Scholar  * Aukerman, M.J. & Sakai, H. Regulation of flowering time and floral organ identity by a microRNA and its APETALA2-like target genes. _Plant Cell_ 15, 2730–2741 (2003).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Chen, X. A microRNA as a translational repressor of _APETALA2_ in _Arabidopsis_ flower development. _Science_ 303, 2022–2025 (2004).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Schwab, R. et al. Specific effects of microRNAs on the plant transcriptome. _Dev. Cell_ 8, 517–527 (2005). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  *

Jacobsen, S.E., Running, M.P. & Meyerowitz, E.M. Disruption of an RNA helicase/RNAse III gene in _Arabidopsis_ causes unregulated cell division in floral meristems. _Development_ 126,

5231–5243 (1999). CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Lu, C. & Fedoroff, N. A mutation in the _Arabidopsis_ HYL1 gene encoding a dsRNA binding protein affects responses to abscisic acid,

auxin and cytokinin. _Plant Cell_ 12, 2351–2366 (2000). Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Telfer, A. & Poethig, R.S. HASTY: a gene that regulates the timing of

shoot maturation in _Arabidopsis thaliana_. _Development_ 125, 1889–1898 (1998). CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Bohmert, K. et al. AGO1 defines a novel locus of _Arabidopsis_ controlling

leaf development. _EMBO J._ 17, 170–180 (1998). Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Chen, X., Liu, J., Cheng, Y. & Jia, D. _HEN1_ functions pleiotropically in

_Arabidopsis_ development and acts in C function in the flower. _Development_ 129, 1085–1094 (2002). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Kasschau, K.D. et al. P1/HC-Pro, a viral

suppressor of RNA silencing, interferes with _Arabidopsis_ development and miRNA function. _Dev. Cell_ 4, 205–217 (2003). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Schauer, S.E., Jacobsen,

S.E., Meinke, D.W. & Ray, A. DICER-LIKE1: blind men and elephants in _Arabidopsis_ development. _Trends Plant Sci._ 7, 487–491 (2002). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Morel, J.B.

et al. Fertile hypomorphic ARGONAUTE (_ago1_) mutants impaired in post-transcriptional gene silencing and virus resistance. _Plant Cell_ 14, 629–639 (2002). Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed

Central  Google Scholar  * Lynn, K. et al. The PINHEAD/ZWILLE gene acts pleiotropically in _Arabidopsis_ development and has overlapping functions with the ARGONAUTE1 gene. _Development_

126, 469–481 (1999). CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Hiraguri, A. et al. Specific interactions between Dicer-like proteins and HYL1/DRB-family dsRNA-binding proteins in _Arabidopsis

thaliana_. _Plant Mol. Biol._ 57, 173–188 (2005). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * McConnell, J.R. et al. Role of _PHABULOSA_ and _PHAVOLUTA_ in determining radial patterning in

shoots. _Nature_ 411, 709–713 (2001). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Emery, J.F. et al. Radial patterning of _Arabidopsis_ shoots by class III _HD-ZIP_ and _KANADI_ genes. _Curr.

Biol._ 13, 1768–1774 (2003). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Rhoades, M.W. et al. Prediction of plant microRNA targets. _Cell_ 110, 513–520 (2002). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google

Scholar  * Tang, G., Reinhart, B.J., Bartel, D.P. & Zamore, P.D. A biochemical framework for RNA silencing in plants. _Genes Dev._ 17, 49–63 (2003). Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central

  Google Scholar  * Mallory, A.C. et al. MicroRNA control of _PHABULOSA_ in leaf development: importance of pairing to the microRNA 5′ region. _EMBO J._ 23, 3356–3364 (2004). Article  CAS 

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Kim, J. et al. microRNA-directed cleavage of _ATHB15_ mRNA regulates vascular development in _Arabidopsis_ inflorescence stems. _Plant J._ 42, 84–94

(2005). Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Williams, L., Grigg, S.P., Xie, M., Christensen, S. & Fletcher, J.C. Regulation of _Arabidopsis_ shoot apical meristem

and lateral organ formation by microRNA miR166g and its AtHD-ZIP target genes. _Development_ 132, 3657–3668 (2005). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Baker, C.C., Sieber, P., Wellmer,

F. & Meyerowitz, E.M. The early extra petals1 mutant uncovers a role for microRNA miR164c in regulating petal number in _Arabidopsis_. _Curr. Biol._ 15, 303–315 (2005). Article  CAS 

PubMed  Google Scholar  * Guo, H.S., Xie, Q., Fei, J.F. & Chua, N.H. microRNA164 directs _NAC1_ mRNA cleavage to downregulate auxin signals for lateral root development. _Plant Cell_ 17,

1376–1386 (2005). Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Mallory, A.C., Dugas, D.V., Bartel, D.B. & Bartel, B. MicroRNA regulation of NAC-domain targets is required for

proper formation and separation of adjacent embryonic, vegetative and floral organs. _Curr. Biol._ 14, 1035–1046 (2004). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Achard, P., Herr, A.,

Baulcombe, D.C. & Harberd, N.P. Modulation of floral development by a gibberellin-regulated microRNA. _Development_ 131, 3357–3365 (2004). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Wang,

J.W. et al. Control of root cap formation by microRNA-targeted auxin response factors in _Arabidopsis_. _Plant Cell_ 17, 2204–2216 (2005). Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google

Scholar  * Laufs, P., Peaucelle, A., Morin, H. & Traas, J. MicroRNA regulation of the _CUC_ genes is required for boundary size control in _Arabidopsis_ meristems. _Development_ 131,

4311–4322 (2004). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Millar, A.A. & Gubler, F. The _Arabidopsis_ GAMYB-like genes, _MYB33_ and _MYB65_, are microRNA-regulated genes that redundantly

facilitate anther development. _Plant Cell_ 17, 705–721 (2005). Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Mallory, A.C., Bartel, D.P. & Bartel, B. MicroRNA-directed

regulation of _Arabidopsis_ AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR17 is essential for proper development and modulates expression of early auxin response genes. _Plant Cell_ 17, 1360–1375 (2005). Article 

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Sunkar, R. & Zhu, J.K. Novel and stress-regulated microRNAs and other small RNAs from _Arabidopsis_. _Plant Cell_ 16, 2001–2019 (2004).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Jones-Rhoades, M.W. & Bartel, D.P. Computational identification of plant miRNAs and their targets, including a stress-induced

miRNA. _Mol. Cell_ 14, 787–799 (2004). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Chiou, T.J. et al. Regulation of phosphate homeostasis by microRNA in _Arabidopsis_. _Plant Cell_ 18, 412–421

(2006). Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Fujii, H., Chiou, T.J., Lin, S.I., Aung, K. & Zhu, J.K. A miRNA involved in phosphate-starvation response in

_Arabidopsis_. _Curr. Biol._ 15, 2038–2043 (2005). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Lu, S. et al. Novel and mechanical stress-responsive microRNAs in _Populus trichocarpa_ that are

absent from _Arabidopsis_. _Plant Cell_ 17, 2186–2203 (2005). Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Wang, X.J., Gaasterland, T. & Chua, N.H. Genome-wide prediction and

identification of _cis_-natural antisense transcripts in _Arabidopsis thaliana_. _Genome Biol._ 6, R30 (2005). Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar  * Lecellier, C.H. et al.

A cellular microRNA mediates antiviral defense in human cells. _Science_ 308, 557–560 (2005). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Jopling, C.L., Yi, M., Lancaster, A.M., Lemon, S.M.

& Sarnow, P. Modulation of hepatitis C virus RNA abundance by a liver-specific microRNA. _Science_ 309, 1577–1581 (2005). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Takeda, A. et al. A

plant RNA virus suppresses RNA silencing through viral RNA replication. _EMBO J._ 24, 3147–3157 (2005). Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Dunoyer, P., Himber, C. &

Voinnet, O. Induction, suppression and requirement of RNA silencing pathways in virulent _Agrobacterium tumefaciens_ infections. _Nat. Genet._ 38, 258–263 (2006). Article  CAS  PubMed 

Google Scholar  * Llave, C. MicroRNAs: more than a role in plant development? _Mol. Plant Pathol._ 5, 361–366 (2004). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Li, H.W. & Ding, S.W.

Antiviral silencing in animals. _FEBS Lett._ 579, 5965–5973 (2005). Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Simon-Mateo, C. & Garcia, J.A. MicroRNA-guided processing

impairs Plum pox virus replication, but the virus readily evolves to escape this silencing mechanism. _J. Virol._ 80, 2429–2436 (2006). Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

* Mallory, A.C., Reinhart, B.J., Bartel, D., Vance, V.B. & Bowman, L.H. A viral suppressor of RNA silencing differentially regulates the accumulation of short interfering RNAs and

micro-RNAs in tobacco. _Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA_ 99, 15228–15233 (2002). Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Chapman, E.J., Prokhnevsky, A.I., Gopinath, K., Dolja,

V.V. & Carrington, J.C. Viral RNA silencing suppressors inhibit the microRNA pathway at an intermediate step. _Genes Dev._ 18, 1179–1186 (2004). Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central 

Google Scholar  * Dunoyer, P., Lecellier, C.H., Parizotto, E.A., Himber, C. & Voinnet, O. Probing the microRNA and small interfering RNA pathways with virus-encoded suppressors of RNA

silencing. _Plant Cell_ 16, 1235–1250 (2004). Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Vaucheret, H., Mallory, A.C. & Bartel, D.P. AGO1 homeostasis entails coexpression of

miR168 and AGO1 and preferential stabilization of miR168 by AGO1. _Mol. Cell_ 22, 129–136 (2006). Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Brennecke, J. & Cohen, S.M.

Towards a complete description of the microRNA complement of animal genomes. _Genome Biol._ 4, 228 (2003). Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Krek, A. et al. Combinatorial

microRNA target predictions. _Nat. Genet._ 37, 495–500 (2005). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Farh, K.K. et al. The widespread impact of mammalian microRNAs on mRNA repression and

evolution. _Science_ 310, 1817–1821 (2005). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Stark, A., Brennecke, J., Bushati, N., Russell, R.B. & Cohen, S.M. Animal microRNAs confer robustness

to gene expression and have a significant impact on 3′ UTR evolution. _Cell_ 123, 1133–1146 (2005). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Jones-Rhoades, M.W., Bartel, D.P. & Bartel, B.

MicroRNAs and their regulatory roles in plants. _Annu. Rev. Plant Biol._ published online 30 January 2006 (doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.57.032905.105218). * Lu, C. et al. Elucidation of the

small RNA component of the transcriptome. _Science_ 309, 1567–1569 (2005). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Gustafson, A.M. et al. ASRP: the _Arabidopsis_ small RNA project database.

_Nucleic Acids Res._ 33, D637–D640 (2005). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  Download references ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank D. Bartel and members of the Vaucheret and Bartel labs for

fruitful discussions. Work in the Vaucheret laboratory is supported by the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) and the European Commission (Riboreg program). A.C.M. is

supported by a US National Institutes of Health Postdoctoral Training Fellowship. AUTHOR INFORMATION AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge

Center, Cambridge, 02142, Massachusetts, USA Allison C Mallory * Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, Versailles, 78026, Cedex, France Hervé Vaucheret

Authors * Allison C Mallory View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Hervé Vaucheret View author publications You can also search for this

author inPubMed Google Scholar CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Correspondence to Hervé Vaucheret. ETHICS DECLARATIONS COMPETING INTERESTS The authors declare no competing financial interests. RIGHTS

AND PERMISSIONS Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE Mallory, A., Vaucheret, H. Functions of microRNAs and related small RNAs in plants. _Nat Genet_ 38 (Suppl 6),

S31–S36 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1791 Download citation * Published: 30 May 2006 * Issue Date: June 2006 * DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1791 SHARE THIS ARTICLE Anyone you share

the following link with will be able to read this content: Get shareable link Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Copy to clipboard Provided by the Springer

Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative