ABSTRACT Some recently introduced vaccines that have excellent efficacy records have been developed without a clear understanding of their mechanism of protection. In fact, successful

vaccines have often emerged out of empirical observations and have only rarely been the result of a rational use of the continuously increasing immunological knowledge available to

scientists. However, _a posteriori_ deciphering of the biological bases for the efficacy of successful vaccines should be an essential component of research efforts directed at the

development of new vaccines for the most challenging infectious diseases. Access through your institution Buy or subscribe This is a preview of subscription content, access via your

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Article 22 December 2020 EMERGING CONCEPTS IN THE SCIENCE OF VACCINE ADJUVANTS Article 06 April 2021 VACCINATION AGAINST RAPIDLY EVOLVING PATHOGENS AND THE ENTANGLEMENTS OF MEMORY Article 09

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Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  Download references ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors wish to thank C. Brighouse for her editorial assistance. AUTHOR INFORMATION AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS *

Departments of Immunology-Pathology and Pediatrics, Centre of Vaccinology, University of Geneva–CMU, 1 rue Michel-Servet, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland Paul-Henri Lambert & Claire-Anne

Siegrist * Transgene SA, 11 rue de Molshelm, Strasbourg, 67082, France Margaret Liu Authors * Paul-Henri Lambert View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google

Scholar * Margaret Liu View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Claire-Anne Siegrist View author publications You can also search for this

author inPubMed Google Scholar CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Correspondence to Paul-Henri Lambert. ETHICS DECLARATIONS COMPETING INTERESTS Margaret A. Liu is Vice Chairman, Transgene, Strasbourg

(France). This company is involved in immunotherapy. RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE Lambert, PH., Liu, M. & Siegrist, CA. Can

successful vaccines teach us how to induce efficient protective immune responses?. _Nat Med_ 11 (Suppl 4), S54–S62 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1038/nm1216 Download citation * Published: 05

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