ABSTRACT The isolation of a growing number of two-dimensional (2D) materials has inspired worldwide efforts to integrate distinct 2D materials into van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures.

Given that any passivated, dangling-bond-free surface will interact with another through vdW forces, the vdW heterostructure concept can be extended to include the integration of 2D

materials with non-2D materials that adhere primarily through non-covalent interactions. We present a succinct and critical survey of emerging mixed-dimensional (2D + _n_D, where _n_ is 0, 1

or 3) heterostructure devices. By comparing and contrasting with all-2D vdW heterostructures as well as with competing conventional technologies, we highlight the challenges and

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institutional subscriptions * Read our FAQs * Contact customer support SIMILAR CONTENT BEING VIEWED BY OTHERS VAN DER WAALS HETEROSTRUCTURES Article 28 July 2022 VAN DER WAALS DEVICE

INTEGRATION BEYOND THE LIMITS OF VAN DER WAALS FORCES USING ADHESIVE MATRIX TRANSFER Article 08 December 2023 UNDERSTANDING EPITAXIAL GROWTH OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL MATERIALS AND THEIR

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Engineering Center (MRSEC) of Northwestern University (NSF DMR-1121262), and the 2-DARE programme (NSF EFRI-143510). AUTHOR INFORMATION Author notes * Deep Jariwala Present address: Present

address: Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA, AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * Department of Materials Science

and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, 60208, Illinois, USA Deep Jariwala, Tobin J. Marks & Mark C. Hersam * Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston,

60208, Illinois, USA Tobin J. Marks & Mark C. Hersam Authors * Deep Jariwala View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Tobin J. Marks View

author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Mark C. Hersam View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Correspondence to Mark C. Hersam. ETHICS DECLARATIONS COMPETING INTERESTS The authors declare no competing financial interests. RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Reprints and

permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE Jariwala, D., Marks, T. & Hersam, M. Mixed-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures. _Nature Mater_ 16, 170–181 (2017).

https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4703 Download citation * Received: 19 February 2016 * Accepted: 21 June 2016 * Published: 01 August 2016 * Issue Date: February 2017 * DOI:

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