ABSTRACT Facial expression is widely used as a measure of pain in infants; whether nonhuman animals display such pain expressions has never been systematically assessed. We developed the

mouse grimace scale (MGS), a standardized behavioral coding system with high accuracy and reliability; assays involving noxious stimuli of moderate duration are accompanied by facial

expressions of pain. This measure of spontaneously emitted pain may provide insight into the subjective pain experience of mice. Access through your institution Buy or subscribe This is a

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REPRESENTATIONS OF COMPLEX AFFECTIVE STATES COMBINING PAIN AND A NEGATIVE EMOTION Article Open access 22 May 2024 A DATABASE OF HETEROGENEOUS FACES FOR STUDYING NATURALISTIC EXPRESSIONS

Article Open access 03 April 2023 IDIOSYNCRATIC FIXATION PATTERNS GENERALIZE ACROSS DYNAMIC AND STATIC FACIAL EXPRESSION RECOGNITION Article Open access 13 July 2024 REFERENCES * Darwin, C.

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Louise and Alan Edwards Foundation (J.S.M.). D.J.L. was supported by a Canada Graduate Scholarship doctoral award from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. AUTHOR INFORMATION AUTHORS

AND AFFILIATIONS * Department of Psychology and Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Dale J Langford, Andrea L Bailey, Mona Lisa Chanda, 

Sarah E Clarke, Tanya E Drummond, Sarah Glick, Joelle Ingrao, Michael L LaCroix-Fralish, Lynn Matsumiya, Robert E Sorge, Susana G Sotocinal, John M Tabaka & Jeffrey S Mogil * Department

of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Stephanie Echols, Tammy Klassen-Ross, David Wong & Kenneth D Craig * Department of Human Genetics,

Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands Arn M J M van den Maagdenberg * Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands Arn M J M van den

Maagdenberg & Michel D Ferrari Authors * Dale J Langford View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Andrea L Bailey View author publications

You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Mona Lisa Chanda View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Sarah E Clarke View

author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Tanya E Drummond View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar *

Stephanie Echols View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Sarah Glick View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed 

Google Scholar * Joelle Ingrao View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Tammy Klassen-Ross View author publications You can also search for this

author inPubMed Google Scholar * Michael L LaCroix-Fralish View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Lynn Matsumiya View author publications You

can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Robert E Sorge View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Susana G Sotocinal View

author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * John M Tabaka View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * David

Wong View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Arn M J M van den Maagdenberg View author publications You can also search for this author

inPubMed Google Scholar * Michel D Ferrari View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Kenneth D Craig View author publications You can also search

for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Jeffrey S Mogil View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar CONTRIBUTIONS D.J.L. and J.S.M. conceived the

experiments, and D.J.L. and S.G.S. were primarily responsible for their execution. A.L.B., M.L.C., S.E.C., T.E.D., S.G., M.L.L.-F., L.M., R.E.S. and J.M.T. participated in data collection.

S.E., J.I., T.K.-R., D.W. and K.D.C. were responsible for designing the scale. A.M.J.M.v.d.M. and M.D.F. provided transgenic knock-in mice and edited portions of the manuscript. J.S.M. and

D.J.L. wrote the manuscript. CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Correspondence to Jeffrey S Mogil. ETHICS DECLARATIONS COMPETING INTERESTS The authors declare no competing financial interests.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION SUPPLEMENTARY TEXT AND FIGURES Supplementary Figures 1–3 (PDF 190 kb) RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE Langford,

D., Bailey, A., Chanda, M. _et al._ Coding of facial expressions of pain in the laboratory mouse. _Nat Methods_ 7, 447–449 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.1455 Download citation *

Received: 18 February 2010 * Accepted: 31 March 2010 * Published: 09 May 2010 * Issue Date: June 2010 * DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.1455 SHARE THIS ARTICLE Anyone you share the

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