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Access through your institution Buy or subscribe The first hint that there might be a TLR-independent pathway came from the observation that cells lacking key TLR-signalling molecules —
MyD88 (myeloid differentiation primary-response protein 88) and TRIF (Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR)-domain-containing adaptor protein inducing interferon-b) — could still induce
expression of type I interferons (IFNs) in response to viral infection. _In vitro_ studies led the authors to consider that RIG-I was a good candidate for mediating this response. So, they
knocked out the gene encoding RIG-I in mice and measured the ability of cells from these mice to respond to viruses. Because most RIG-I-deficient mice died _in utero_, they first studied
mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). The induction of expression of type I IFNs and IFN-inducible genes in response to RNA viruses (such as Newcastle disease virus and vesicular stomatitis
virus) was abrogated in RIG-I-deficient MEFs. Moreover, the absence of the IFN response impaired the ability of these cells to clear the virus. The transcription factors that are required
for induction of expression of type I IFNs and pro-inflammatory cytokines are IFN-regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and nuclear factor-κB, respectively. The activation of both of these
transcription factors was also abrogated in infected, RIG-I-deficient MEFs. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution ACCESS OPTIONS Access through your
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our FAQs * Contact customer support ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER * Kato, H. et al. Cell type-specific involvement of RIG-I in antiviral response. _Immunity_ 23, 19–28 (2005) Article CAS Google
Scholar Download references Authors * Lucy Bird View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Reprints and permissions ABOUT
THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE Bird, L. It's not all about TLRs. _Nat Rev Immunol_ 5, 672 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1038/nri1697 Download citation * Issue Date: 01 September 2005 *
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nri1697 SHARE THIS ARTICLE Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Get shareable link Sorry, a shareable link is not
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