Homocysteine and alzheimer disease: an intervention study

Homocysteine and alzheimer disease: an intervention study

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Observational studies suggest that high homocysteine levels are a risk factor for brain atrophy and Alzheimer disease, but intervention studies have been inconclusive. New evidence that B vitamin therapy can slow brain atrophy will allow re-examination of elevated homocysteine levels as a potentially treatable risk factor for this disease. Access through your institution Buy or subscribe This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution ACCESS OPTIONS Access through your institution Subscribe to this journal Receive 12 print issues and online access $209.00 per year only $17.42 per issue Learn more Buy this article * Purchase on SpringerLink * Instant access to full article PDF Buy now Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout ADDITIONAL ACCESS OPTIONS: * Log in * Learn about institutional subscriptions * Read our FAQs * Contact customer support REFERENCES * Faraci, F. M. & Lentz, S. R. Hyperhomocysteinemia, oxidative stress, and cerebral vascular dysfunction. _Stroke_ 35, 345–347 (2004). Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Kruman, I. I. _ et al_. Homocysteine elicits a DNA damage response in neurons that promotes apoptosis and hypersensitivity to excitotoxicity. _J. Neurosci._ 20, 6920–6926 (2000). Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Smith, A. D. _ et al_. Homocysteine-lowering by B vitamins slows the rate of accelerated brain atrophy in mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial. _PLoS ONE_ 5, e12244 (2010). Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Malouf, R. & Grimley Evans, J. Folic acid with or without vitamin B12 for the prevention and treatment of healthy elderly and demented people. _Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews_, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD004514. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004514.pub2 (2008). * Dangour, A. D. _ et al_. B-vitamins and fatty acids in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease and dementia: a systematic review. _J. Alzheimers Dis._ 22, 205–224 (2010). Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Vogel, T., Dali-Youcef, N., Kaltenbach, G. & Andrès, E. Homocysteine, vitamin B12, folate and cognitive functions: a systematic and critical review of the literature. _Int. J. Clin. Pract._ 63, 1061–1067 (2009). Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Sachdev, P. S., Valenzuela, M., Wang, X. L., Looi, J. C. & Brodaty, H. Relationship between plasma homocysteine levels and brain atrophy in healthy elderly individuals. _Neurology_ 58, 1539–1541 (2002). Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Willette, A. A. _ et al_. Homocysteine, neural atrophy, and the effect of caloric restriction in rhesus monkeys. _Neurobiol. Aging_ doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.06.003. Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Seshadri, S. _ et al_. Plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for dementia and Alzheimer's disease. _N. Engl. J. Med._ 346, 476–483 (2002). Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Sachdev, P. S. Dementia prevention: the discordance between observational and intervention studies and the search for more evidence. _Early Interv. Psychiatry_ 3, 80–82 (2009). Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  Download references AUTHOR INFORMATION AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * Brain and Ageing Research Program, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Neuropsychiatric Institute, Euroa Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Barker Street, Randwick, NSW 2031, Sydney, Australia Perminder S. Sachdev Authors * Perminder S. Sachdev View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar ETHICS DECLARATIONS COMPETING INTERESTS The author declares no competing financial interests. RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE Sachdev, P. Homocysteine and Alzheimer disease: an intervention study. _Nat Rev Neurol_ 7, 9–10 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2010.195 Download citation * Published: 10 January 2011 * Issue Date: January 2011 * DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2010.195 SHARE THIS ARTICLE Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Get shareable link Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Copy to clipboard Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

Observational studies suggest that high homocysteine levels are a risk factor for brain atrophy and Alzheimer disease, but intervention studies have been inconclusive. New evidence that B


vitamin therapy can slow brain atrophy will allow re-examination of elevated homocysteine levels as a potentially treatable risk factor for this disease. Access through your institution Buy


or subscribe This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution ACCESS OPTIONS Access through your institution Subscribe to this journal Receive 12 print issues and


online access $209.00 per year only $17.42 per issue Learn more Buy this article * Purchase on SpringerLink * Instant access to full article PDF Buy now Prices may be subject to local taxes


which are calculated during checkout ADDITIONAL ACCESS OPTIONS: * Log in * Learn about institutional subscriptions * Read our FAQs * Contact customer support REFERENCES * Faraci, F. M. &


Lentz, S. R. Hyperhomocysteinemia, oxidative stress, and cerebral vascular dysfunction. _Stroke_ 35, 345–347 (2004). Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Kruman, I. I. _ et al_.


Homocysteine elicits a DNA damage response in neurons that promotes apoptosis and hypersensitivity to excitotoxicity. _J. Neurosci._ 20, 6920–6926 (2000). Article  CAS  PubMed Central 


Google Scholar  * Smith, A. D. _ et al_. Homocysteine-lowering by B vitamins slows the rate of accelerated brain atrophy in mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial. _PLoS


ONE_ 5, e12244 (2010). Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Malouf, R. & Grimley Evans, J. Folic acid with or without vitamin B12 for the prevention and treatment of healthy


elderly and demented people. _Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews_, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD004514. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004514.pub2 (2008). * Dangour, A. D. _ et al_. B-vitamins and


fatty acids in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease and dementia: a systematic review. _J. Alzheimers Dis._ 22, 205–224 (2010). Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google


Scholar  * Vogel, T., Dali-Youcef, N., Kaltenbach, G. & Andrès, E. Homocysteine, vitamin B12, folate and cognitive functions: a systematic and critical review of the literature. _Int. J.


Clin. Pract._ 63, 1061–1067 (2009). Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Sachdev, P. S., Valenzuela, M., Wang, X. L., Looi, J. C. & Brodaty, H. Relationship between plasma


homocysteine levels and brain atrophy in healthy elderly individuals. _Neurology_ 58, 1539–1541 (2002). Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Willette, A. A. _ et al_.


Homocysteine, neural atrophy, and the effect of caloric restriction in rhesus monkeys. _Neurobiol. Aging_ doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.06.003. Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google


Scholar  * Seshadri, S. _ et al_. Plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for dementia and Alzheimer's disease. _N. Engl. J. Med._ 346, 476–483 (2002). Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google


Scholar  * Sachdev, P. S. Dementia prevention: the discordance between observational and intervention studies and the search for more evidence. _Early Interv. Psychiatry_ 3, 80–82 (2009).


Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  Download references AUTHOR INFORMATION AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * Brain and Ageing Research Program, School of Psychiatry, University of New South


Wales, Neuropsychiatric Institute, Euroa Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Barker Street, Randwick, NSW 2031, Sydney, Australia Perminder S. Sachdev Authors * Perminder S. Sachdev View


author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar ETHICS DECLARATIONS COMPETING INTERESTS The author declares no competing financial interests. RIGHTS AND


PERMISSIONS Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE Sachdev, P. Homocysteine and Alzheimer disease: an intervention study. _Nat Rev Neurol_ 7, 9–10 (2011).


https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2010.195 Download citation * Published: 10 January 2011 * Issue Date: January 2011 * DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2010.195 SHARE THIS ARTICLE Anyone


you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Get shareable link Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Copy to clipboard Provided by


the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative