ABSTRACT Metabolic syndrome is associated with increased cancer risk and progression at almost all sites, including the prostate in high-stage prostate cancer. However, several reports have

described an inverse relationship between metabolic syndrome and its components and low-stage incident prostate cancer. Such anomalies in cancer research hamper efforts to fight cancer.

Evidence suggests that metabolic syndrome and its components have two distinct effects in prostate cancer, concealing prostate cancer in low-stage disease and promoting progression to

high-stage incident, nonlocalized, and lethal prostate cancer. The concealment of prostate cancer by metabolic syndrome and its components might be related to bias mechanisms that reduce PSA

prostate cancer biology itself. The evidence summarized here supports the hypothesis that the link between metabolic syndrome and its components and incident prostate cancer is a two-way and

stage-dependent one, a theory that requires further research. Access through your institution Buy or subscribe This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution ACCESS

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references AUTHOR INFORMATION AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * Mohammad A. Haghsheno and Ralph Peeker are at the Department of Urology, Jan Hammarsten, Jan-Erik Damber, Institute of Clinical

Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Bruna stråket 11 B, SE-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden., Jan Hammarsten, Jan-Erik Damber, Mohammad A. Haghsheno & Ralph Peeker * Department of Internal

Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Dan Mellström is at Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden, and at Geriatric Medicine, Institute of

Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Building K, 6th Floor, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, SE-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden., Dan Mellström Authors * Jan Hammarsten View author

publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Jan-Erik Damber View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Mohammad A.

Haghsheno View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Dan Mellström View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google

Scholar * Ralph Peeker View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar CONTRIBUTIONS J.H. performed the research and wrote the manuscript. J.-E.D., M.H.,

D.M., and R.P. reviewed and edited the article before submission. CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Correspondence to Jan Hammarsten. ETHICS DECLARATIONS COMPETING INTERESTS The authors declare no

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_et al._ A stage-dependent link between metabolic syndrome components and incident prostate cancer. _Nat Rev Urol_ 15, 321–333 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrurol.2018.8 Download citation

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