Coffee consumption and risk of hypertension: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of cohort studies

Coffee consumption and risk of hypertension: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of cohort studies

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ABSTRACT Some debates exist regarding the association of coffee consumption with hypertension risk. We performed a meta-analysis including dose–response analysis aimed to derive a more


quantitatively precise estimation of this association. PubMed and Embase were searched for cohort studies published up to 18 July 2017. Fixed-effects generalized least-squares regression


models were used to assess the quantitative association between coffee consumption and hypertension risk across studies. Restricted cubic spline was used to model the dose–response


association. We identified eight articles (10 studies) investigating the risk of hypertension with the level of coffee consumption, including 243,869 individuals and 58,094 incident cases of


hypertension. We found no evidence of a nonlinear dose–response association of coffee consumption and hypertension (_P_ nonlinearity = 0.243). The risk of hypertension was reduced by 2%


(relative risk (RR) = 0.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.98–0.99) with each one cup/day increment of coffee consumption. With the linear cubic spline model, the RRs of hypertension risk


were 0.97 (95% CI 0.95–0.99), 0.95 (95% CI 0.91–0.99), 0.92 (95% CI 0.87–0.98), and 0.90 (95% CI 0.83–0.97) for 2, 4, 6, and 8 cups/day, respectively, compared with individuals with no


coffee intakes. This meta-analysis provides quantitative evidence that consumption of coffee was inversely associated with the risk of hypertension in a dose–response manner. Access through


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controlled trials. J Hypertens. 2005;23:921–8. Download references ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This research was supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China (Grant number 15BSH043).


This research was supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China (Grant number 15BSH043). The National Social Science Foundation of China had no role in the design/conduct of


the study, collection/analysis interpretation of the data, and preparation/review approval of the manuscript. AUTHOR INFORMATION AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * Department of Epidemiology and


Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China Chen Xie, Lingling Cui, Jicun Zhu & Changqing Sun * The First


Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, People’s Road, Henan, China Kehui Wang * Terry College of Business, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA Nan Sun


Authors * Chen Xie View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Lingling Cui View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed 


Google Scholar * Jicun Zhu View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Kehui Wang View author publications You can also search for this author


inPubMed Google Scholar * Nan Sun View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Changqing Sun View author publications You can also search for this


author inPubMed Google Scholar CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Correspondence to Changqing Sun. ETHICS DECLARATIONS CONFLICT OF INTEREST The authors declare that they have no competing financial


interest. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE Xie, C., Cui, L., Zhu, J. _et al._


Coffee consumption and risk of hypertension: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of cohort studies. _J Hum Hypertens_ 32, 83–93 (2018).


https://doi.org/10.1038/s41371-017-0007-0 Download citation * Received: 09 June 2017 * Revised: 20 July 2017 * Accepted: 13 September 2017 * Published: 04 January 2018 * Issue Date: February


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