ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of NRP virtual simulations (eSim™), video or no refresher training, on simulation performance, six months after a provider course; and to evaluate

eSim™ acceptability. STUDY DESIGN In this multi-site randomized controlled trial, NRP providers from four U.S. institutions were randomized to receive refreshers every two months with NRP

eSim™, NRP resuscitation video, or no refresher (control). Simulation performance was assessed immediately after an NRP course and six months later. RESULT 248 participants completed the

baseline simulation and 148 completed the six-month follow-up simulation. The majority (71%) of subjects had a decline in resuscitation skills at 6 months. There were no differences in

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ACCESS OPTIONS: * Log in * Learn about institutional subscriptions * Read our FAQs * Contact customer support SIMILAR CONTENT BEING VIEWED BY OTHERS A PILOT STUDY OF A VIRTUAL REALITY-BASED

SIMULATION PLATFORM FOR NEONATAL RESUSCITATION PROGRAM TRAINING Article 14 October 2024 RAPID CYCLE DELIBERATE PRACTICE SIMULATION WITH STANDARDIZED PREBRIEFING AND VIDEO BASED FORMATIVE

FEEDBACK IN ADVANCED CARDIAC LIFE SUPPORT Article Open access 09 May 2025 360-DEGREE VIRTUAL REALITY VIDEO TO TEACH NEONATAL RESUSCITATION: AN EXPLORATORY DEVELOPMENT STUDY Article Open

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to implementation of neonatal resuscitation guideline changes. J Perinatol. 2017;37:249–53. Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  Download references ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to

acknowledge eSim study collaborators Zeenia Billimoria, Alexandria Kristensen-Cabrera, Maricel N. Maxey, Patrick Motz, Lilian Sie, Thomas Strandjord, and Katherine Stumpf who assisted with

scheduling and conducting NRP courses, study simulations and video reviews. The study video used for video refreshers was created by Gary Weiner, MD. We would also like to acknowledge

assistance from Annabelle Kotler in formatting and preparing the manuscript for publication. FUNDING This study was supported by the American Academy of Pediatrics. AUTHOR INFORMATION

AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * University of Washington and Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA R. A. Umoren, M. M. Gray & T. L. Sawyer * Stanford University School of Medicine,

Stanford, CA, USA R. Chitkara & P. Kan * Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, OH, USA J. Josephsen & M. L. Strand * University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA H. C. Lee * UT

Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA S. Ramachandran * University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA G. Weiner * Positive Pressure PLLC, Shelton, WA, USA J. G. Zaichkin *

American Academy of Pediatrics, Itasca, IL, USA G. Pantone * Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA A. Ades Authors * R. A. Umoren View author publications You can also

search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * M. M. Gray View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * R. Chitkara View author publications You

can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * J. Josephsen View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * H. C. Lee View author

publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * M. L. Strand View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * T. L. Sawyer

View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * S. Ramachandran View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar *

G. Weiner View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * J. G. Zaichkin View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google

Scholar * P. Kan View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * G. Pantone View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed 

Google Scholar * A. Ades View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar CONTRIBUTIONS RU, MG and AA conceptualised and designed the study, drafted the

initial manuscript, designed the data collection tools and reviewed and revised the manuscript. TS and MG designed the data collection tools and reviewed and revised the manuscript. RC, HL,

SR, GW, JZ, PK, and GP collected data, and reviewed and revised the manuscript. MG carried out the initial analyses and reviewed and revised the manuscript. JJ and MS conceptualised and

designed the study, collected data and critically reviewed the manuscript for important intellectual content. All authors participated in the revision of the manuscript, approved the final

version and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work. CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Correspondence to R. A. Umoren. ETHICS DECLARATIONS COMPETING INTERESTS The authors declare no

competing interests. ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations for Human Subjects Research. Ethics

approval for this study was obtained from Seattle Children’s Hospital Institutional Review Board (IRB) STUDY00000298, Stanford University IRB, University of Texas Southwestern IRB 062017-002

and St Louis University IRB #27094. Informed consent was obtained from all study participants. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION PUBLISHER’S NOTE Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to

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this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE Umoren, R.A., Gray, M.M.,

Chitkara, R. _et al._ Impact of virtual simulation vs. Video refresher training on NRP simulation performance: a randomized controlled trial. _J Perinatol_ 45, 249–255 (2025).

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41372-024-02100-4 Download citation * Received: 16 June 2024 * Revised: 15 August 2024 * Accepted: 21 August 2024 * Published: 28 August 2024 * Issue Date: February

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