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coexistence’. _Zenodo_ https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7083314 (2022). Download references ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank D. W. Armitage and J. C. D. Terry for constructive discussion. AUTHOR

INFORMATION AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA Mary N. Van Dyke * Forestry and Rangeland

Stewardship Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA Mary N. Van Dyke & Nathan J. B. Kraft * Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University,

Princeton, NJ, USA Jonathan M. Levine Authors * Mary N. Van Dyke View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Jonathan M. Levine View author

publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Nathan J. B. Kraft View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

CONTRIBUTIONS M.N.V.D. led the writing with substantial contributions from J.M.L. and N.J.B.K. M.N.V.D. performed the additional analyses and created the figures. CORRESPONDING AUTHOR

Correspondence to Mary N. Van Dyke. ETHICS DECLARATIONS COMPETING INTERESTS The authors declare no competing interests. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION PUBLISHER’S NOTE Springer Nature remains

neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. EXTENDED DATA FIGURES AND TABLES EXTENDED DATA FIG. 1 PREDICTIONS OF COMPETITIVE OUTCOMES FOR

THE 15 SPECIES PAIRS. Points represent stabilizing niche and fitness differences calculated from non-parametric bootstrap samples. Points lying inside the grey shaded region indicate

coexistence, and outside indicate competitive exclusion. Median predictions are where the error bars (+/− 1 SD) cross. p(switch) in each panel reports the probability that pair switched

coexistence outcome with treatment. EXTENDED DATA FIG. 2 DENSITY YIELD PLOTS FOR EACH SPECIES MONOCULTURES UNDER BOTH TREATMENTS. The BH model estimates are shown in orange1 and the EBH

model estimates are shown in blue3. The shaded pink area indicates the range of neighbourhood densities which were sown in our experiment for each species. EXTENDED DATA FIG. 3 DISTRIBUTIONS

OF THE PROPORTION OF PAIRS THAT SWITCHED COEXISTENCE OUTCOMES IN THE NULL MODEL DRAWS COMPARED TO THE MEAN FROM THE BOOTSTRAPS OF THE REAL DATA. Panel (a) shows the distribution of the

proportion of pairs found to switch coexistence outcomes in Terry’s simulated ‘no treatment’ data and the mean proportion from the bootstrap samples of the real data (solid black line) when

we include all 15 pairs, and panel (b) shows the proportion when we only include the ten pairs our original paper found switched coexistence outcomes. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION SUPPLEMENTARY

INFORMATION Supplementary Information 1–3. Supplementary Information 1: calculation of the parameters for the exponential Beverton–Holt model and the corresponding yield density plots and

contains code for Fig. 1, Table 1, Extended Data Fig. 2 and Extended Data Table 1. Supplementary Information 2: an explanation and code for the changes in the determination of invasion

growth rates analysis, an explanation and code for the null model analysis, and code for Fig. 2 and Extended Data Fig. 3. Supplementary Information 3: probability of coexistence outcome

changes, and code for Fig. 3. REPORTING SUMMARY RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE Van Dyke, M.N., Levine, J.M. & Kraft, N.J.B. M. N.

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