Signatures of hybridization of multiple majorana zero modes in a vortex

Signatures of hybridization of multiple majorana zero modes in a vortex

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ABSTRACT Majorana zero modes (MZMs) are emergent zero-energy topological quasiparticles that are their own antiparticles1,2. Detected MZMs are spatially separated and electrically neutral,


so producing hybridization between MZMs is extremely challenging in superconductors3,4. Here, we report the magnetic field response of vortex bound states in superconducting topological


crystalline insulator SnTe (001) films. Several MZMs were predicted to coexist in a single vortex due to magnetic mirror symmetry. Using a scanning tunnelling microscope equipped with a


three-axis vector magnet, we found that the zero-bias peak (ZBP) in a single vortex exhibits an apparent anisotropic response even though the magnetic field is weak. The ZBP can robustly


extend a long distance of up to approximately 100 nm at the (001) surface when the magnetic field is parallel to the (\(1\bar{1}0\))-type mirror plane, otherwise it displays an asymmetric


splitting. Our systematic simulations demonstrate that the anisotropic response cannot be reproduced with trivial ZBPs. Although the different MZMs cannot be directly distinguished due to


the limited energy resolution in our experiments, our comparisons between experimental measurements and theoretical simulations strongly support the existence and hybridization of


symmetry-protected multiple MZMs. Our work demonstrates a way to hybridize different MZMs by controlling the orientation of the magnetic field and expands the types of MZM available for


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SIMILAR CONTENT BEING VIEWED BY OTHERS SINGLE-ELECTRON CHARGE TRANSFER INTO PUTATIVE MAJORANA AND TRIVIAL MODES IN INDIVIDUAL VORTICES Article Open access 08 June 2023 TOPOLOGICAL


SUPERCONDUCTING VORTEX FROM TRIVIAL ELECTRONIC BANDS Article Open access 06 February 2023 MAJORANA ZERO MODES IN IMPURITY-ASSISTED VORTEX OF LIFEAS SUPERCONDUCTOR Article Open access 06 July


2021 DATA AVAILABILITY The data supporting the findings of this study are presented within the paper and Supplementary Information. Source data are provided with this paper. Additional data


are available from the corresponding authors upon reasonable request. CODE AVAILABILITY The code for this paper is available from the corresponding authors upon reasonable request.


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Download references ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We acknowledge financial support from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant Nos. 2019YFA0308600, 2021YFA1401500 and 2020YFA0309000), the


National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11861161003, 12104293, 92365302, 22325203, 92265105, 92065201, 12074247 and 12174252), the Strategic Priority Research Program of


the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB28000000), the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (Grant Nos. 19JC1412701, 2019SHZDZX01 and 20QA1405100), the Innovation


Program for Quantum Science and Technology (Grant No. 2021ZD0302500) and the China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents (Grant No. BX2021185). Y.Z., C.W. and J.L. also


acknowledge financial support from the Hong Kong Research Grants Council (Projects No. N_HKUST626/18, 26302118 and 16305019). The theoretical simulations were conducted at the Hefei Advanced


Computing Center. AUTHOR INFORMATION Author notes * These authors contributed equally: Tengteng Liu, Chun Yu Wan, Hao Yang AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures


and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China Tengteng Liu, Hao Yang, Bangjin Xie, 


Weiyan Zheng, Zhaoxia Yi, Dandan Guan, Shiyong Wang, Hao Zheng, Canhua Liu, Yaoyi Li & Jinfeng Jia * Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong,


China Chun Yu Wan, Yujun Zhao & Junwei Liu * Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai, China Dandan Guan, Shiyong Wang, Hao Zheng, Canhua Liu, Yaoyi Li & Jinfeng Jia *


Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, China Dandan Guan, Shiyong Wang, Hao Zheng, Canhua Liu, Yaoyi Li & Jinfeng Jia * Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,


Cambridge, MA, USA Liang Fu * Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China Jinfeng Jia Authors * Tengteng Liu View author publications You can also


search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Chun Yu Wan View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Hao Yang View author publications You can


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publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Dandan Guan View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Shiyong Wang


View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Hao Zheng View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Canhua


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Junwei Liu View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Yaoyi Li View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google


Scholar * Jinfeng Jia View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar CONTRIBUTIONS Y.L., J.L. and J.J. supervised the research. H.Y. and T.L. performed


the experiments with the help of B.X., W.Z. and Z.Y. C.Y.W. and Y.Z. performed the simulations. D.G., S.W., H.Z., C.L., L.F., J.L., Y.L. and J.J. analysed the results. Y.L., J.L. and J.J.


wrote the manuscript with contributions from all authors. CORRESPONDING AUTHORS Correspondence to Junwei Liu, Yaoyi Li or Jinfeng Jia. ETHICS DECLARATIONS COMPETING INTERESTS The authors


declare no competing interests. PEER REVIEW PEER REVIEW INFORMATION _Nature_ thanks Satoshi Fujimoto and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this


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SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION This file contains Supplementary Notes 1–4, references and Figs. 1–51. SOURCE DATA SOURCE DATA FIG. 1 SOURCE DATA FIG. 2 SOURCE DATA FIG. 3 SOURCE DATA FIG. 4


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permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE Liu, T., Wan, C.Y., Yang, H. _et al._ Signatures of hybridization of multiple Majorana zero modes in a vortex. _Nature_ 633, 71–76 (2024).


https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07857-4 Download citation * Received: 18 January 2024 * Accepted: 19 July 2024 * Published: 28 August 2024 * Issue Date: 05 September 2024 * DOI:


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