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Access through your institution Buy or subscribe _Immunity_ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2019.05.004 (2019) The TH17 subset of helper T cells is pathogenic in a variety of inflammatory
disorders but also has tissue-resident homeostatic roles in the intestine. In _Immunity_, Omenetti et al. compare the characteristics of TH17 cells induced by commensal microbiota, notably
segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB), and those elicited by a pathogen (_Citrobacter rodentium_). Secretion of the cytokine IL-17A is higher in SFB-induced TH17 cells, the cytokine IFN-γ is
more abundant in _C. rodentium_–elicited TH17 cells, and both groups of cells produce IL-22. SFB-induced TH17 cells do not expand in response to infection with _C. rodentium_. RNA-sequencing
analysis indicates enrichment for transcripts encoding molecules involved in anti-inflammatory pathways and oxidative phosphorylation in SFB-induced TH17 cells and enrichment for markers of
glycolysis, biosynthesis and pro-inflammatory pathways in _C. rodentium_–elicited TH17 cells. These results indicate that two functionally distinct populations of TH17 cells can reside in
the gut simultaneously during pathogen-induced inflammation. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution ACCESS OPTIONS Access through your institution Access
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AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * Nature Immunology https://www.nature.com/natimmunol Ioana Visan Authors * Ioana Visan View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google
Scholar CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Correspondence to Ioana Visan. RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE Visan, I. TH17 cell flavors. _Nat Immunol_
20, 945 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-019-0459-1 Download citation * Published: 19 July 2019 * Issue Date: August 2019 * DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-019-0459-1 SHARE THIS
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