The lay summary of trial results to be provided to participants should be written in plain language, use infographics and be concise — something that currently is almost never achieved.

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Keatley, M. Mackenzie and A. Roberts, for helpful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. AUTHOR INFORMATION AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * Epidemiology Unit, Health Research

Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Rafael Dal-Ré * Division of Medical Ethics, School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical

Center, New York, NY, USA Arthur L. Caplan * Centre for Social Ethics and Policy, Department of Law, School of Social Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Søren Holm * Centre

for Medical Ethics, HELSAM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Søren Holm * Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK Reecha

Sofat * BHF Data Science Centre, Health Data Research, London, UK Reecha Sofat * National Cancer Research Institute Advocates Forum, Stevenage, UK Richard Stephens Authors * Rafael Dal-Ré

View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Arthur L. Caplan View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar *

Søren Holm View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Reecha Sofat View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google

Scholar * Richard Stephens View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Correspondence to Rafael Dal-Ré. ETHICS DECLARATIONS

COMPETING INTERESTS The authors declare no competing interests. RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE Dal-Ré, R., Caplan, A.L., Holm, S. _et

al._ Adequate information about clinical trial results must be given to participants. _Nat Med_ 30, 2404–2406 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-024-02948-1 Download citation *

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