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The _Nature Reviews_ journals are unique in terms of the high level of editorial input to each manuscript. Our process includes many stages to produce content that is scientifically
accurate, appropriately referenced, trusted and accessible. We work swiftly to correct the scientific record in a transparent manner when errors are identified post-publication. SCOPE
DEVELOPED: _Nature Reviews_ publishes timely, thought-provoking and authoritative articles. To ensure that topics are covered in the most insightful way, our editors select and invite
experts to write and work closely with them to develop the scope of the article before peer review, ensuring that the content is original, timely and balanced. SCIENTIFICALLY EDITED: Our
editors work closely with the authors to enhance the structure and clarity of the article, to ensure that the key points are crystallized and to make the article accessible to the
journal's audience. Each article goes through multiple stages of in-depth editing to produce the high-quality content for which the _Nature Reviews_ journals are known. ARTWORK
DEVELOPED: Figures, tables and other display items enhance the accessibility and understanding of our articles and help to convey the main messages. Our editors assist authors with the
development of display items, to produce accurate and easy to follow figures and tables that illustrate often complex ideas. Our talented art editors then redraw the figures to improve their
clarity, flow, presentation and visual appeal. PEER REVIEWED: Our editors select several (typically 2-3, sometimes more) experts in the field to review the manuscript and provide
constructive feedback that helps to shape the content of the article. Reviewers are requested to focus on scientific accuracy and balance. Once feedback has been received, our editors
support authors throughout the revision process by providing tailored guidance. Ultimate decision to publish lies with the editors. More information can be found here. COPY EDITED: Before
publication, articles are copy edited for consistency and house style, to ensure that high-quality, trusted content is published across the _Nature Reviews_ journals. At _Nature Reviews_,
our editors assess and confirm that relevant standards have been upheld with respect to publishing, research and copyright practices. PLAGIARISM CHECKED: The _Nature Reviews_ journals aim
to publish articles that provide originality and fresh insight; we are part of Similarity Check, a service that uses software tools to screen submitted manuscripts for text overlap, to
avoid publishing an article containing text from previously published work, including the author’s own. PATIENT CONSENT CHECKED: Authors need to provide patient consent forms for any
identifiable information (including photographs) related to patients or human research participants described in the article. Our editors carry out the necessary checks and ensure that a
statement of affirmation is included in the published article. UNPUBLISHED CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION REQUESTED: Our editors request and check that all unpublished clinical trials
described in an article are appropriately referenced and registered. REFERENCES TO UNPUBLISHED WORK CHECKED: Our editors check acceptance of all ‘in press’ articles and ensure that consent
is obtained for all references to unpublished work or personal communications and that preprint articles are appropriately referenced. COMPETING INTERESTS DECLARED: In the interests of
transparency, our authors must declare any financial and non-financial competing interests. Our editors ensure that a declaration of competing interests is visible to the peer reviewers and
is included in all published articles. THIRD PARTY RIGHTS OBTAINED: We request that our authors declare if they wish to reuse display items from previously published or copyrighted material.
Our team of editorial assistants ensures that the appropriate permissions are obtained before publication. At _Nature Reviews_, we support publishing practices that promote transparency
and diversity, and support our community of scientists. AUTHOR CONTRIBUTION STATEMENTS INCLUDED: We request that all authors have substantially contributed to at least one of the following:
researching the literature, discussions of the article content, writing and/or substantial editing or reviewing of the draft manuscript. AUTHOR IDENTIFICATION REQUESTED: As part of our
efforts to improve transparency in authorship, we request that all corresponding authors on published papers provide their Open Researcher and Contributor Identifier (ORCID). PEER REVIEW
RECOGNITION OFFERED: In recognition of the time and expertise our peer reviewers provide to the editorial process, we offer them the opportunity to be named on the published paper and
support easy registration of their review activity on the ORCID database via our submission system. ECR PEER REVIEW INVOLVEMENT OFFERED: The _Nature Reviews_ journals are committed to
facilitating training in peer review and ensuring that everyone involved in our peer review process is appropriately recognised. We have, therefore, started an initiative to allow and
encourage established referees to formally involve early-career researchers (ECRs) in our peer review process. DIVERSITY COMMITMENT: We are committed to promoting practices that support
diversity and inclusion in science communication and publishing (see announcements here and here). We strive for diversity when selecting authors and peer-reviewers and we encourage
commissioned authors to bear the same principles in mind when proposing co-authors. We also ensure that our content presents a balanced overview and diverse perspectives.