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Mothers have been urged to breastfeed for longer after new research indicated that it improves child intelligence and language ability. Scientists found that greater duration of
breastfeeding, even when it was not exclusive, led to higher intelligence scores at age seven. Compared with bottle-fed children, seven-year-olds breastfed for the first year of life were
likely to score four points higher in a test of verbal IQ. Verbal intelligence scores at age seven increased by 0.35 points for every extra month of breastfeeding. A similar but less
pronounced trend was seen for non-verbal IQ scores, which increased by 0.29 points per breastfeeding month Three-year-olds also benefited, having higher scores in a picture vocabulary
language acquisition test the longer they had been breastfed. Exclusive breastfeeding - rather than any level of breastfeeding - had the greatest effect, boosting verbal IQ scores by nearly
a point per month. Seven-year-olds who were exclusively breastfed for the first six months after birth had an almost five point advantage over those who were bottle fed. A US team of
researchers reported the findings in the journal JAMA Pediatrics. The scientists, led by Dr Mandy Belfort, from Boston Children’s Hospital, wrote: “Our results support a causal relationship
of breasfeeding in infancy with receptive language at age three and with verbal and non-verbal IQ at school age. “These findings support national and international recommendations to promote
exclusive breastfeeding through age six months and continuation of breastfeeding through at least age one year.” The study included 1,312 mothers and children who had taken part in Project
Viva, a long-term investigation of pregnancy and child health. A number of factors that might have influenced the results, including home environment and mothers’ IQ, were accounted for by
the researchers. Children took part in several tests, including the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test at age three and the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test at age seven. Certain nutrients in
breast milk may benefit the developing infant brain, it has been suggested. One of these is docosahexaenoic (DHA), which is abundant in fish. Part of the research looked at whether mothers’
fish consumption was linked to the benefits of breastfeeding. However, the results were non-significant. In an accompanying editorial, Dr Dimitri Christakis from Seattle Children’s Hospital
Research Institute, wrote: “The problem currently is not so much that most women do not initiate breastfeeding, it is that they do not sustain it. In the United States, about 70% of women
overall initiate breastfeeding, although only 50% of African-American women do. However, by six months, only 35% and 20%, respectively, are still breastfeeding.” He added that workplaces
should provide better facilities for breastfeeding mothers, and breastfeeding in public should be “destigmatised”. _ARE YOU ABLE TO SPEAK OUT SAFELY?_ _SIGN OUR PETITION_ _to put pressure on
your trust to support an open and transparent NHS_