After watching the new horror movie _Midsommar_, you might promise yourself three things: That you will never go to Sweden; that you'll always remember your partner's birthday; and

that you'll dedicate yourself to the study of ancient runes — you know, _just in case_. Regarding the latter, here is _The Week_'s guide to the runes in this summer's

creepiest horror movie. FIRST OF ALL, WHAT ARE RUNES? SUBSCRIBE TO THE WEEK Escape your echo chamber. Get the facts behind the news, plus analysis from multiple perspectives. SUBSCRIBE &

SAVE SIGN UP FOR THE WEEK'S FREE NEWSLETTERS From our morning news briefing to a weekly Good News Newsletter, get the best of The Week delivered directly to your inbox. From our

Because of their imbued meanings, runes are sometimes used to try to read the future. "Today, the best-known application of rune lore is divination," writes Diana L. Paxson in the

introduction to _Taking Up the Runes: A Complete Guide to Using Ruins in Spells, Rituals, Divination, and Magic_. "Chips or stones marked with the runes are drawn, cast, or laid out in

patterns like tarot cards." In the casting of runes, "ᚢ" might refer instead to the concept of strength of will or body, for example. _Midsommar_ director Ari Aster and his

team clearly wanted to use certain runic symbols as foreshadowing or to give certain scenes in the movie a deeper, secretive meaning. Here are some of the major runes you see in the film.

TIWAZ RUNE LOOKS LIKE: ᛏ Dani's clueless boyfriend Christian is given Swedish folk clothes bearing the embroidered symbol "ᛏ," or Tiwaz. Aster's use of the symbol here is

pretty on the nose; Tiwaz is associated with the god Týr, and also with masculine power and energy. Seeing as Christian dons the outfit right before a sex ritual, the evocation of male

energy is appropriate. In Lisa Chamberlain's _Runes for Beginners: A Guide to Reading Runes in Divination, Rune Magic, and the Meaning of the Elder Futhark Runes_, the appearance of the

rune Tiwaz is said to additionally "[speak] of the need to put our causes above our personal desires if the greater good requires it." Since the hesitant Christian goes on to

serve an, _ahem_, reproductive purpose for the cult, that also seems to be a fitting interpretation here. Note also that Christian's Tiwaz is surrounded by tiny versions of Algiz (ᛉ) —

more on that rune in a bit. PEORÐ LOOKS LIKE: ᛈ _(Midsommar | A24)_ The symbol on the left-hand side of this large panel in the Swedes' boarding house is "Peorð," the

appearance of which portends "uncertain meaning, a secret matter, initiation," as Ralph H. Blum writes in _The Book of Runes: A Compass for Navigating in Turbulent Times_. Another

popular online guide for rune binding likewise associates this rune with "mystery" and "hidden things." Although we never see the exact ritual portrayed in this image

during the course of _Midsommar_, the appearance of "Peorð" hints at the shrouded and sinister intentions of the cult Dani and her friends have found themselves in the midst of.

Note also that on the right-hand side of the panel is the helical rune "odal." ODAL LOOKS LIKE: ᛟ Odal (also sometimes called _Othala_) is the most common rune you see in

_Midsommar_ due to its association with familial groups and inheritance. Aster uses Odal to refer to the evil traditions passed down for hundreds of years among the Swedish cultists in the

name of protecting their family. The rune appears on many of the panels in the Swedes' boarding house as well as in their arrangement of the dining table. Chamberlain adds in her guide

that Odal "may refer to literal inheritance of land or other property, but it is often about the intangible things we 'inherit' from our family of origin, for better or

worse." In this case, of course, that would be for the worse. ANSUZ LOOKS LIKE: ᚨ Siv (Gunnel Fred) is the matriarch and officiant of the Swedish cult, and she in turn wears the rune

"Ansuz" embroidered on her dress. This rune is associated with leadership, divine power, and wisdom, indicating Siv's status in the clan. INGUZ AND GEBO LOOK LIKE: ᛜ AND ᚷ

When runes are woven together into a single image they are said to be "bound" (see the Bluetooth symbol as one example you already likely know). While there are no runes in the

Elder or Younger Futhark alphabets that look like the ones on the yellow panels above, there _are_ individual runes "ᛜ" and "ᚷ." Here they seem to be locked together,

communicating a shared meaning. Inguz (ᛜ) is a fertility symbol — befitting of a sex cult — with Chamberlain writing that it suggests "the springtime energy of plant life emerging after

the depths of winter, and the procreation of all life on Earth." Since the temple the symbol is painted on is about to be burned down as a means of extreme and especially morbid

fertilization, its appearance here makes sense. The rune Gebo (ᚷ), meanwhile, is strongly associated with gifts and generosity. Presumably that sentiment here refers to the sacrifice of the

living and dead tributes locked within the temple, who are about to give their bodies back to the Earth so the cult can continue to grow food and prosper. ALGIZ LOOKS LIKE: ᛉ The runestone

worshipped by an elderly couple before their gruesome suicide is another example of a bound rune, containing the aforementioned symbols ᚷ ("gift," presumably used here in the

context of physical sacrifice) and ᛈ ("a secret ritual"). In the middle of the stone is the Raido rune, which will be discussed below, while on the top is the forked rune Algiz,

but shown in reverse, with the prongs pointing down. In some divination practices, a reversed rune (called a "merkstave") means the opposite, or negative version, of a rune's

regular interpretation. While a right-side-up Algiz suggests protection from evil and danger, the opposite idea — a welcoming of evil, perhaps? — is being proposed here. RAIDO AND DAGAZ LOOK

LIKE: ᚱ AND ᛞ When Dani is eventually given a traditional dress of her own, it bears two likewise inverted runes: "Raido" and "Dagaz." Raido (ᚱ) is used in its regular

form to mean travel, journey, or reunion. In its inverse, it suggests "crisis" or "death." But as is the case with reading runes more generally, what it means for

Dani's journey is up to your personal interpretation. As Chamberlain points out in her guide, a reverse Raido can mean "[y]ou may be merely being 'rerouted' on your

journey, to ultimately end up with an even better outcome than hoped for." Dagaz (ᛞ) normally means an awakening, dawn, or a new beginning, and "most interpretations of this rune

are positive," writes Paxson. Because of the symmetry of Dagaz, some guides say the rune does not have an inverse meaning, while others claim that drawing the rune turned on its side —

the way it is embroidered on Dani's dress — means something like "hopelessness." So even though he uses the runes to add another layer of meaning to _Midsommar_, Aster still

doesn't outright tell us how to understand the film's conclusion. The runic symbols remain ambiguous — is this a good journey for Dani, or a bad one? Is there a light at the end of

the tunnel, or is it winking out? Has she found a new family, or lost herself? On this topic, not even the stones will say.