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ABSTRACT DURING 1962, approximately 60,000 tons of chlorine were added to the effluents of sewage treatment plants in the United States1 and subsequently released to surface waters. By 1970,
it was estimated that 100,000 tons of chlorine were added annually, and the quantity will continue to increase as municipalities are required2 to provide at least secondary treatment for
sewage by July 1, 1977 (ref. 3). Principal reactions of chlorine in natural waters, besides hydrolysis, are with ammonia and organic amines4,5. Reactive chlorine residuals, for example,
hypochlorites, inorganic and organic chloramines, are characterised by reactive chlorine which would decompose or be consumed in various chemical reactions5. Jolley3 has identified seventeen
stable chlorine-containing organic compounds at low μg 1−1 concentrations in chlorine-treated sewage effluent. The persistent nature of these compounds, which are characterised by
chemically stable or inert C–Cl bonds, suggests potential for their accumulation in receiving surface waters6,7. Access through your institution Buy or subscribe This is a preview of
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CHARACTERISTICS, ENVIRONMENTAL FATE, AND TREATMENT METHODS APPLIED TO CYANIDE-CONTAINING WASTEWATER Article Open access 05 October 2024 HIGH-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT BY-PRODUCTS OF CHLORINE
DISINFECTION Article 17 April 2023 UNCHARTED WATERS: THE UNINTENDED IMPACTS OF RESIDUAL CHLORINE ON WATER QUALITY AND BIOFILMS Article Open access 25 September 2020 REFERENCES * Laubusch, E.
J., _Chlorine, its manufacture and use_ (edit. by Sconce, J. S.) Am. Chem. Soc. Monogr. Series No. 154 (1962). Google Scholar * US Government Public Law, 92–500 (1972). * Jolley, R. L.,
_Chlorination effects on organic constituents in effluents from domestic sanitary sewage treatment plants_, ORNL–TM–4290 (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1973). Google Scholar * Palin, A.
T., _Water Engng_, 54, 248–256 (December) (1950). Google Scholar * Draley, J. E., _The treatment of cooling water with chlorine_ ANL/ES–12 (Argonne National Laboratory, 1972). Book Google
Scholar * Ingols, R. S., and Stevenson, P. C., _Res. Engng_, 18, 4–8 (1963). CAS Google Scholar * McCallum, G. E., _J. Water Pollut. Control Fedn_, 35, 1–10 (1963). CAS Google Scholar *
Brungs, W. A., _J. Water Pollut. Control. Fedn_, 45, 2180–2193 (1973). CAS Google Scholar * Blaylock, B. G., and Griffith, N. A., _Prog. Fish. Cult._, 33, 48–50 (1971). Article Google
Scholar * Sokal, R. R., and Rohlf, F. J., _Biometry_, 776 (Freeman San Francisco, 1969). Download references AUTHOR INFORMATION AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * Environmental Sciences Division,
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37830 C. W. GEHRS & L. D. EYMAN * Chemical Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37830 R. J.
JOLLEY & J. E. THOMPSON Authors * C. W. GEHRS View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * L. D. EYMAN View author publications You can also
search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * R. J. JOLLEY View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * J. E. THOMPSON View author publications
You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE GEHRS, C., EYMAN, L., JOLLEY, R. _et al._
Effects of stable chlorine-containing organics on aquatic environments. _Nature_ 249, 675–676 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1038/249675b0 Download citation * Received: 11 February 1974 *
Revised: 21 March 1974 * Issue Date: 14 June 1974 * DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/249675b0 SHARE THIS ARTICLE Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Get
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