Stratospheric sink for chlorofluoromethanes: chlorine atom-catalysed destruction of ozone

Stratospheric sink for chlorofluoromethanes: chlorine atom-catalysed destruction of ozone

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ABSTRACT Chlorofluoromethanes are being added to the environment in steadily increasing amounts. These compounds are chemically inert and may remain in the atmosphere for 40–150 years, and concentrations can be expected to reach 10 to 30 times present levels. Photodissociation of the Chlorofluoromethanes in the stratosphere produces significant amounts of chlorine atoms, and leads to the destruction of atmospheric ozone. Access through your institution Buy or subscribe This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution ACCESS OPTIONS Access through your institution Subscribe to this journal Receive 51 print issues and online access $199.00 per year only $3.90 per issue Learn more Buy this article * Purchase on SpringerLink * Instant access to full article PDF Buy now Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout ADDITIONAL ACCESS OPTIONS: * Log in * Learn about institutional subscriptions * Read our FAQs * Contact customer support SIMILAR CONTENT BEING VIEWED BY OTHERS PHOTODISSOCIATION OF PARTICULATE NITRATE AS A SOURCE OF DAYTIME TROPOSPHERIC CL2 Article Open access 17 February 2022 WIDESPREAD DETECTION OF CHLORINE OXYACIDS IN THE ARCTIC ATMOSPHERE Article Open access 30 March 2023 A DECREASE IN RADIATIVE FORCING AND EQUIVALENT EFFECTIVE CHLORINE FROM HYDROCHLOROFLUOROCARBONS Article Open access 11 June 2024 REFERENCES * _Chemical Marketing Reporter_, August 21, 1972. * _Chemistry in the Economy_ (American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1973). * Lovelock, J. E., Maggs, R. J., and Wade, R. J., _Nature_, 241, 194 (1973). Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar  * Wilkniss, P. E., Lamontagne, R. A., Larson, R. E., Swinnerton, J. W., Dickson, C. R., and Thompson, T., _Nature_, 245, 45 (1973). Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar  * Su, C.-W., and Goldberg, E. D., _Nature_, 245, 27 (1973). Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar  * Machta, L., _Proceedings of the Second IUTAM-IUGG Symposium on Turbulent Diffusion in Environmental Pollution_ (Charlottesville, 1973). Google Scholar  * Crutzen, P. J., _J. geophys. Res._, 30, 7311 (1971). Article  ADS  Google Scholar  * Johnston, H., _Science_, 173, 517 (1971). Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar  * Johnston, H. S., _Proceedings of the First Survey Conference, Climatic Impact Assessment Program, US Department of Transport_, 90 (1972). Google Scholar  * McElroy, M. B., Wofsy, S. C., Penner, J. E., and McConnell, J. C., _J. atmos. Sci._, 31, 287 (1974). Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar  * Bemand, P. P., Clyne, M. A. A., and Watson, R. J., _J. Chem. Soc., Faraday I_, 69, 1356 (1973). Article  CAS  Google Scholar  * Hampson, R., _et al._, _Chemical Kinetics Data Survey VI_, National Bureau of Standard Interim Report 73–207 (1973). Book  Google Scholar  * Stolarski, R. S., and Cicerone, R. J., _International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (Kyoto, Japan, 1973)_; see also _Can. J. Chem._, (in the press). * Doucet, J., Sauvageau, P., and Sandorfy, C., _J. chem. Phys._, 58, 3708 (1973). Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar  * McConnell, J. C., and McElroy, M. B., _J. atmos. Sci._, 30, 1465 (1973). Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar  * Sch¨tz, K., Junge, C., Beck, R., and Albrecht, B., _J. geophys. Res._, 75, 2230 (1970). Article  ADS  Google Scholar  * Wofsy, S. C., McConnell, J. C., and McElroy, M. B., _J. geophys. Res._, 77, 4477 (1972). Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar  * Wofsy, S. C., and McElroy, M. B., _J. geophys. Res._, 78, 2619 (1973). Article  ADS  Google Scholar  * Kockarts, G., in _Mesospheric Models and Related Experiments_ (edit. by Fiocco, G.), 168, Reidel, Dodrrecht (1971). Google Scholar  * Brinkmann, R., _ibid._, 89. * Hudson, R. D., and Mahle, S. H., _J. geophys. Res._, 11, 2902 (1972). Article  ADS  Google Scholar  * Clyne, M. A. A., and Walker, R. F., _J. Chem. Soc., Faraday I_, 69, 1547 (1973). Article  CAS  Google Scholar  * Takacs, G. A., and Glass, G. P., _J. phys. Chem._, 77, 1948 (1973). Article  CAS  Google Scholar  * Marsh, D., and Heicklen, J., _J. phys. Chem._, 69, 4410 (1965). Article  CAS  Google Scholar  * Heicklen, J., _Adv. Photochem._, 7, 57 (1969). CAS  Google Scholar  * Homann, K. H., Solomon, W. C., Warnatz, J., Wagner, H. G., and Zetzch, C., _Ber. Bunsenges. phys. Chem._, 74, 585 (1970). CAS  Google Scholar  * Murray, A. J., and Riley, J. P., _Nature_, 242, 37 (1973). Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar  * Levy, H., _Planet. Space Sci._, 20, 919 (1972); 21, 575 (1973). Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar  * Stoiber, R. E., Leggett, D. C., Jenkins, T. F., Murrmann, R. P., and Rose, W. J., _Bull. geol. Soc. Am._, 82, 2299 (1971). Article  CAS  Google Scholar  * Hudlicky, M., _Chemistry of Organic Fluorine Compounds_, 340 (MacMillan, New York, 1962). Google Scholar  * Lovelock, J. E., _Nature_, 230, 379 (1971). Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar  Download references AUTHOR INFORMATION AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92664 Mario J. Molina & F. S. Rowland Authors * Mario J. Molina View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * F. S. Rowland View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE Molina, M., Rowland, F. Stratospheric sink for chlorofluoromethanes: chlorine atom-catalysed destruction of ozone. _Nature_ 249, 810–812 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1038/249810a0 Download citation * Received: 21 January 1974 * Revised: 21 March 1974 * Issue Date: 28 June 1974 * DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/249810a0 SHARE THIS ARTICLE Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Get shareable link Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Copy to clipboard Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

ABSTRACT Chlorofluoromethanes are being added to the environment in steadily increasing amounts. These compounds are chemically inert and may remain in the atmosphere for 40–150 years, and


concentrations can be expected to reach 10 to 30 times present levels. Photodissociation of the Chlorofluoromethanes in the stratosphere produces significant amounts of chlorine atoms, and


leads to the destruction of atmospheric ozone. Access through your institution Buy or subscribe This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution ACCESS OPTIONS Access


through your institution Subscribe to this journal Receive 51 print issues and online access $199.00 per year only $3.90 per issue Learn more Buy this article * Purchase on SpringerLink *


Instant access to full article PDF Buy now Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout ADDITIONAL ACCESS OPTIONS: * Log in * Learn about institutional


subscriptions * Read our FAQs * Contact customer support SIMILAR CONTENT BEING VIEWED BY OTHERS PHOTODISSOCIATION OF PARTICULATE NITRATE AS A SOURCE OF DAYTIME TROPOSPHERIC CL2 Article Open


access 17 February 2022 WIDESPREAD DETECTION OF CHLORINE OXYACIDS IN THE ARCTIC ATMOSPHERE Article Open access 30 March 2023 A DECREASE IN RADIATIVE FORCING AND EQUIVALENT EFFECTIVE CHLORINE


FROM HYDROCHLOROFLUOROCARBONS Article Open access 11 June 2024 REFERENCES * _Chemical Marketing Reporter_, August 21, 1972. * _Chemistry in the Economy_ (American Chemical Society,


Washington, DC, 1973). * Lovelock, J. E., Maggs, R. J., and Wade, R. J., _Nature_, 241, 194 (1973). Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar  * Wilkniss, P. E., Lamontagne, R. A., Larson, R. E.,


Swinnerton, J. W., Dickson, C. R., and Thompson, T., _Nature_, 245, 45 (1973). Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar  * Su, C.-W., and Goldberg, E. D., _Nature_, 245, 27 (1973). Article  ADS 


CAS  Google Scholar  * Machta, L., _Proceedings of the Second IUTAM-IUGG Symposium on Turbulent Diffusion in Environmental Pollution_ (Charlottesville, 1973). Google Scholar  * Crutzen, P.


J., _J. geophys. Res._, 30, 7311 (1971). Article  ADS  Google Scholar  * Johnston, H., _Science_, 173, 517 (1971). Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar  * Johnston, H. S., _Proceedings of the


First Survey Conference, Climatic Impact Assessment Program, US Department of Transport_, 90 (1972). Google Scholar  * McElroy, M. B., Wofsy, S. C., Penner, J. E., and McConnell, J. C., _J.


atmos. Sci._, 31, 287 (1974). Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar  * Bemand, P. P., Clyne, M. A. A., and Watson, R. J., _J. Chem. Soc., Faraday I_, 69, 1356 (1973). Article  CAS  Google


Scholar  * Hampson, R., _et al._, _Chemical Kinetics Data Survey VI_, National Bureau of Standard Interim Report 73–207 (1973). Book  Google Scholar  * Stolarski, R. S., and Cicerone, R. J.,


_International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (Kyoto, Japan, 1973)_; see also _Can. J. Chem._, (in the press). * Doucet, J., Sauvageau, P., and Sandorfy, C., _J. chem. Phys._, 58,


3708 (1973). Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar  * McConnell, J. C., and McElroy, M. B., _J. atmos. Sci._, 30, 1465 (1973). Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar  * Sch¨tz, K., Junge, C., Beck,


R., and Albrecht, B., _J. geophys. Res._, 75, 2230 (1970). Article  ADS  Google Scholar  * Wofsy, S. C., McConnell, J. C., and McElroy, M. B., _J. geophys. Res._, 77, 4477 (1972). Article 


ADS  CAS  Google Scholar  * Wofsy, S. C., and McElroy, M. B., _J. geophys. Res._, 78, 2619 (1973). Article  ADS  Google Scholar  * Kockarts, G., in _Mesospheric Models and Related


Experiments_ (edit. by Fiocco, G.), 168, Reidel, Dodrrecht (1971). Google Scholar  * Brinkmann, R., _ibid._, 89. * Hudson, R. D., and Mahle, S. H., _J. geophys. Res._, 11, 2902 (1972).


Article  ADS  Google Scholar  * Clyne, M. A. A., and Walker, R. F., _J. Chem. Soc., Faraday I_, 69, 1547 (1973). Article  CAS  Google Scholar  * Takacs, G. A., and Glass, G. P., _J. phys.


Chem._, 77, 1948 (1973). Article  CAS  Google Scholar  * Marsh, D., and Heicklen, J., _J. phys. Chem._, 69, 4410 (1965). Article  CAS  Google Scholar  * Heicklen, J., _Adv. Photochem._, 7,


57 (1969). CAS  Google Scholar  * Homann, K. H., Solomon, W. C., Warnatz, J., Wagner, H. G., and Zetzch, C., _Ber. Bunsenges. phys. Chem._, 74, 585 (1970). CAS  Google Scholar  * Murray, A.


J., and Riley, J. P., _Nature_, 242, 37 (1973). Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar  * Levy, H., _Planet. Space Sci._, 20, 919 (1972); 21, 575 (1973). Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar  *


Stoiber, R. E., Leggett, D. C., Jenkins, T. F., Murrmann, R. P., and Rose, W. J., _Bull. geol. Soc. Am._, 82, 2299 (1971). Article  CAS  Google Scholar  * Hudlicky, M., _Chemistry of Organic


Fluorine Compounds_, 340 (MacMillan, New York, 1962). Google Scholar  * Lovelock, J. E., _Nature_, 230, 379 (1971). Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar  Download references AUTHOR INFORMATION


AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92664 Mario J. Molina & F. S. Rowland Authors * Mario J. Molina View author


publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * F. S. Rowland View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar RIGHTS AND


PERMISSIONS Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE Molina, M., Rowland, F. Stratospheric sink for chlorofluoromethanes: chlorine atom-catalysed destruction of ozone.


_Nature_ 249, 810–812 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1038/249810a0 Download citation * Received: 21 January 1974 * Revised: 21 March 1974 * Issue Date: 28 June 1974 * DOI:


https://doi.org/10.1038/249810a0 SHARE THIS ARTICLE Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Get shareable link Sorry, a shareable link is not currently


available for this article. Copy to clipboard Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative