ABSTRACT In a majority of pathophysiological settings, cell death is not accidental — it is controlled by a complex molecular apparatus. Such a system operates like a computer: it receives

several inputs that inform on the current state of the cell and the extracellular microenvironment, integrates them and generates an output. Thus, depending on a network of signals generated

at specific subcellular sites, cells can respond to stress by attemptinwg to recover homeostasis or by activating molecular cascades that lead to cell death by apoptosis or necrosis. Here,

we discuss the mechanisms whereby cellular compartments — including the nucleus, mitochondria, plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, cytoskeleton and cytosol —

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INTEGRATED STRESS RESPONSE ENGAGES A CELL-AUTONOMOUS, LIGAND-INDEPENDENT, DR5-DRIVEN APOPTOSIS SWITCH Article Open access 15 February 2025 ENTOSIS: THE CORE MECHANISM AND CROSSTALK WITH

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working in this area for being unable to cite here the huge amount of top-quality literature dealing with the organelle-specific initiation of cell death. Authors are supported by the Ligue

contre le Cancer (équipe labelisée); Agence National de la Recherche (ANR); Association pour la recherche sur le cancer (ARC); Cancéropôle Ile-de-France; AXA Chair for Longevity Research;

Institut National du Cancer (INCa); Fondation Bettencourt-Schueller; Fondation de France; Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM); the European Commission (ArtForce); the European

Research Council (ERC); the LabEx Immuno-Oncology; the SIRIC Stratified Oncology Cell DNA Repair and Tumor Immune Elimination (SOCRATE); the SIRIC Cancer Research and Personalized Medicine

(CARPEM); and the Paris Alliance of Cancer Research Institutes (PACRI). AUTHOR INFORMATION AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de

Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France Lorenzo Galluzzi, José Manuel Bravo-San Pedro & Guido Kroemer * Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France Lorenzo

Galluzzi & Guido Kroemer * Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, Villejuif, France Lorenzo Galluzzi & José Manuel Bravo-San Pedro * INSERM, U1138, Villejuif, France José Manuel

Bravo-San Pedro & Guido Kroemer * Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France Guido Kroemer * Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy

Comprehensive Cancer Center, Villejuif, France Guido Kroemer Authors * Lorenzo Galluzzi View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * José Manuel

Bravo-San Pedro View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Guido Kroemer View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed 

Google Scholar CONTRIBUTIONS L.G. and J.M.B-S.P contributed equally to this work. L.G. and G.K. jointly supervised this work. CORRESPONDING AUTHORS Correspondence to Lorenzo Galluzzi or

Guido Kroemer. ETHICS DECLARATIONS COMPETING INTERESTS The authors declare no competing financial interests. RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS

ARTICLE Galluzzi, L., Bravo-San Pedro, J. & Kroemer, G. Organelle-specific initiation of cell death. _Nat Cell Biol_ 16, 728–736 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb3005 Download citation

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