ABSTRACT The development of an electronic skin is critical to the realization of artificial intelligence that comes into direct contact with humans, and to biomedical applications such as

prosthetic skin. To mimic the tactile sensing properties of natural skin, large arrays of pixel pressure sensors on a flexible and stretchable substrate are required. We demonstrate

flexible, capacitive pressure sensors with unprecedented sensitivity and very short response times that can be inexpensively fabricated over large areas by microstructuring of thin films of

the biocompatible elastomer polydimethylsiloxane. The pressure sensitivity of the microstructured films far surpassed that exhibited by unstructured elastomeric films of similar thickness,

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about institutional subscriptions * Read our FAQs * Contact customer support SIMILAR CONTENT BEING VIEWED BY OTHERS ULTRAFAST PIEZOCAPACITIVE SOFT PRESSURE SENSORS WITH OVER 10 KHZ BANDWIDTH

VIA BONDED MICROSTRUCTURED INTERFACES Article Open access 08 April 2024 HIGH-SPEED AND LARGE-SCALE INTRINSICALLY STRETCHABLE INTEGRATED CIRCUITS Article 13 March 2024 A FLEXIBLE PRESSURE

SENSOR WITH HIGHLY CUSTOMIZABLE SENSITIVITY AND LINEARITY VIA POSITIVE DESIGN OF MICROHIERARCHICAL STRUCTURES WITH A HYPERELASTIC MODEL Article Open access 04 January 2023 REFERENCES *

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transistors. _Mater. Today_ 10, 20–27 (2007). Article  CAS  Google Scholar  Download references ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors thank J. Locklin for discussions. We thank N. Sutardja and J.

Opatkiewicz for help during the development of the microstructuring technology and the first sensor prototypes. This project was partially funded by NSF ECCS 0730710 and MURI Office of Naval

Research (N000140810654). We thank the Center for Polymer Interface Macromolecular Assemblies (CPIMA) for the use of shared facilities. We also acknowledge the use of the Stanford

Nanocharacterization Laboratory and the Stanford Nanofabrication Facility, partially supported by the National Science Foundation through the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network.

Part of this work was done at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL), operated by the Department of Energy. S.C.B.M. acknowledges postdoctoral fellowship support by the

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) grant MA ∼3342/1-1. B.C-K.T. acknowledges support from a National Science Scholarship from the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR),

Singapore. R.M.S. acknowledges support from a National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship. Z.B. acknowledges support from a Sloan Research Fellowship. AUTHOR INFORMATION AUTHORS AND

AFFILIATIONS * Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA Stefan C. B. Mannsfeld, Christopher V. H-H. Chen, Soumendra Barman, Beinn V. O. Muir, 

Anatoliy N. Sokolov, Colin Reese & Zhenan Bao * Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA Benjamin C-K. Tee * Department of Chemistry,

Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA Randall M. Stoltenberg Authors * Stefan C. B. Mannsfeld View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google

Scholar * Benjamin C-K. Tee View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Randall M. Stoltenberg View author publications You can also search for

this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Christopher V. H-H. Chen View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Soumendra Barman View author

publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Beinn V. O. Muir View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Anatoliy N.

Sokolov View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Colin Reese View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google

Scholar * Zhenan Bao View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar CONTRIBUTIONS Z.B. and S.C.B.M. conceptualized and directed the research project.

S.C.B.M. developed the first working sensor prototypes. B.C-K.T. developed large portions of the experimental set-ups. S.C.B.M and B.C-K.T. discussed and carried out the majority of the

experiments. B.C-K.T. and C.V.H-H.C designed and fabricated the matrix sensor. B.C-K.T. carried out the temperature drift and loading/unloading stability experiments. R.M.S. took the SEM

data. S.B. helped with some experiments. R.M.S., B.C-K.T. and B.V.O.M fabricated the Si moulds. B.V.O.M. fabricated the photolithographic mask. A.N.S. and B.C-K.T carried out most of the

bending-stability experiments. C.R. and B.C-K.T. grew the rubrene crystals. S.C.B.M. wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors discussed the results and commented on the

manuscript. CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Correspondence to Zhenan Bao. ETHICS DECLARATIONS COMPETING INTERESTS A patent application is in the process of being filed. No patent was initiated prior to

and at the time of the submission of the paper. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary Information (PDF 417 kb) RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Reprints and permissions

ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE Mannsfeld, S., Tee, BK., Stoltenberg, R. _et al._ Highly sensitive flexible pressure sensors with microstructured rubber dielectric layers. _Nature

Mater_ 9, 859–864 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2834 Download citation * Received: 15 March 2010 * Accepted: 16 July 2010 * Published: 12 September 2010 * Issue Date: October 2010 *

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