The amount of energy that can be stored in Li-ion batteries is insufficient for the long-term needs of society, for example, for use in extended-range electric vehicles. Here, the

energy-storage capabilities of Li–O2 and Li–S batteries are compared with that of Li-ion, their performances are reviewed, and the challenges that need to be overcome if such batteries are

to succeed are highlighted. ABSTRACT Li-ion batteries have transformed portable electronics and will play a key role in the electrification of transport. However, the highest energy storage

possible for Li-ion batteries is insufficient for the long-term needs of society, for example, extended-range electric vehicles. To go beyond the horizon of Li-ion batteries is a formidable

in understanding the reactions occurring in the cells as well as new materials are key to overcoming these obstacles. The potential benefits of Li–air and Li–S justify the continued research

effort that will be needed. Access through your institution Buy or subscribe This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution ACCESS OPTIONS Access through your

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our FAQs * Contact customer support SIMILAR CONTENT BEING VIEWED BY OTHERS PRODUCTION OF HIGH-ENERGY LI-ION BATTERIES COMPRISING SILICON-CONTAINING ANODES AND INSERTION-TYPE CATHODES Article

Open access 15 September 2021 WHY CHARGING LI–AIR BATTERIES WITH CURRENT LOW-VOLTAGE MEDIATORS IS SLOW AND SINGLET OXYGEN DOES NOT EXPLAIN DEGRADATION Article 01 June 2023 EXTREME FAST

CHARGING OF COMMERCIAL LI-ION BATTERIES VIA COMBINED THERMAL SWITCHING AND SELF-HEATING APPROACHES Article Open access 03 June 2023 CHANGE HISTORY * _ 04 JANUARY 2012 In the version of this

Review originally published, in Table 1, the values in rows 2–5 of the 'Cell voltage' column appeared incorrectly; the full column should have read 3.8, 1.65, 2.2, 3.0 and 3.2.

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Available at: http://uscar.org/commands/files_download.php?files_id=27. Download references ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS P.G.B. is indebted to the EPRSC and Toyota Motor Europe for support. The authors

wish to express their thanks to S. Visco, M. Armand and R. Demir-Cakan and the ALISTORE-ERI members for helpful discussions. P.G.B. and J.M.T. are members of ALISTORE-ERI — European Network

of Excellence on Lithium Batteries. AUTHOR INFORMATION Author notes * Laurence J. Hardwick Present address: Present address: Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, Department of

Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK, AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, Fife,

Scotland, UK Peter G. Bruce, Stefan A. Freunberger & Laurence J. Hardwick * Laboratoire de Réactivité et Chimie des Solides — UMR CNRS 6007, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039, Amiens Cedex, France

Jean-Marie Tarascon Authors * Peter G. Bruce View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Stefan A. Freunberger View author publications You can

also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Laurence J. Hardwick View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Jean-Marie Tarascon View

author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Correspondence to Peter G. Bruce. ETHICS DECLARATIONS COMPETING INTERESTS The authors

declare no competing financial interests. RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE Bruce, P., Freunberger, S., Hardwick, L. _et al._ Li–O2 and

Li–S batteries with high energy storage. _Nature Mater_ 11, 19–29 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3191 Download citation * Published: 15 December 2011 * Issue Date: January 2012 * DOI:

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