ABSTRACT Hydrothermal vent systems host microbial communities among which several microorganisms have been considered endemic to this type of habitat. It is still unclear how these organisms

colonize geographically distant hydrothermal environments. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, we compare the bacterial communities of sixteen Atlantic hydrothermal vent samples with our own

and publicly available global open ocean samples. Analysing sequences obtained from 63 million 16S rRNA genes, the genera we could identify in the open ocean waters contained 99.9% of the

vent reads. This suggests that previously observed vent exclusiveness is, in most cases, probably an artefact of lower sequencing depth. These findings are a further step towards elucidating

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HYDROTHERMAL SEDIMENTS SHED LIGHT ON VENT BIOGEOGRAPHY AND THE EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF THERMOPHILY Article Open access 28 March 2022 A GENUS IN THE BACTERIAL PHYLUM AQUIFICOTA APPEARS TO BE

ENDEMIC TO AOTEAROA-NEW ZEALAND Article Open access 02 January 2024 NEW GLOBALLY DISTRIBUTED BACTERIAL PHYLA WITHIN THE FCB SUPERPHYLUM Article Open access 06 December 2022 REFERENCES *

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors thank the captain and crews of the research vessels and _ROV Kiel6000_ (GEOMAR, Kiel) for helping us to obtain deep-sea vent samples. The authors also thank H.

Strauss for providing data on hydrogen sulfide and M. Alawi for discussions regarding the sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The work was supported by grants from priority programme

1144 ‘From Mantle to Ocean: Energy-, Material- and Life-cycles at Spreading Axes’ of the German Science Foundation (DFG). S.B. was funded by grant no. DFG PE 1549-6/1. AUTHOR INFORMATION

AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * Center for Bioinformatics, University of Hamburg, Bundesstraße 43, 20146 Hamburg, Germany Giorgio Gonnella & Stefan Kurtz * Molecular Biology of Microbial

Consortia, University of Hamburg, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, Ohnhorststraße 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany Stefanie Böhnke & Mirjam Perner * Heinrich-Pette-Institut, Leibniz Institute for

Experimental Virology, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany Daniela Indenbirken * Institute of Geosciences, University of Kiel, Ludewig-Meyn-Straße 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany Dieter

Garbe-Schönberg * Institute for Geology, University of Hamburg, Bundesstraße 55, 20146 Hamburg, Germany Richard Seifert * Institute of Environmental Physics, University Bremen,

Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany Christian Mertens Authors * Giorgio Gonnella View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Stefanie Böhnke

View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Daniela Indenbirken View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google

Scholar * Dieter Garbe-Schönberg View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Richard Seifert View author publications You can also search for this

author inPubMed Google Scholar * Christian Mertens View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Stefan Kurtz View author publications You can also

search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Mirjam Perner View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar CONTRIBUTIONS M.P. designed the research

project, planned the sequencing and wrote the paper. G.G. co-planned the sequencing, performed bioinformatics and statistical analyses and wrote the paper. S.B. performed experiments. D.I.

performed sequencing. D.G.-S. contributed fluid elemental compositions and geochemical data. R.S. measured hydrogen and methane concentrations. C.M. performed tidal measurements. S.K.

advised on the bioinformatics analyses and wrote the paper. CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Correspondence to Mirjam Perner. ETHICS DECLARATIONS COMPETING INTERESTS The authors declare no competing

financial interests. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary Results and Discussion 1-4, Supplementary Figures 1-6, Supplementary Tables 1-4, Supplementary Table

legends 5-10, and Supplementary References (PDF 896 kb) SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE 5 Genera shared between hydrothermal vent and open ocean samples. (XLSX 190 kb) SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE 6

Open-reference based OTUs shared between hydrothermal vent and open ocean samples. (XLSX 1109 kb) SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE 7 Environmental parameters of the different samples used for correlation

analyses. (XLSX 14 kb) SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE 8 Spearman correlations for the different sites between environmental parameters and bacterial classes. (XLSX 31 kb) SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE 9

Spearman correlations for the different sites between environmental parameters and bacterial genera. (XLSX 78 kb) SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE 10 Spearman correlations for the different sites between

environmental parameters and bacterial OTUs. (XLSX 2668 kb) RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE Gonnella, G., Böhnke, S., Indenbirken, D.

_et al._ Endemic hydrothermal vent species identified in the open ocean seed bank. _Nat Microbiol_ 1, 16086 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.86 Download citation * Received:

05 November 2015 * Accepted: 03 May 2016 * Published: 13 June 2016 * DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.86 SHARE THIS ARTICLE Anyone you share the following link with will be able

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