ABSTRACT Inspired by ocean organisms, scientists have been developing adhesives for application in the marine environment. However, water and high salinity, which not only weaken the

interfacial bonding by the hydration layer but also induce the deterioration of adhesives by erosion, swelling, hydrolysis, or plasticization, are detrimental to adhesion, resulting in

specific challenges in the development of under-seawater adhesives. In this focus review, current adhesives that are capable of macroscopic adhesion in seawater were summarized. The design

strategies and performance of these adhesives were reviewed based on their bonding methods. Finally, some future research directions and perspectives for under-seawater adhesives were

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customer support SIMILAR CONTENT BEING VIEWED BY OTHERS ULTRASTRONG UNDERWATER ADHESION ON DIVERSE SUBSTRATES USING NON-CANONICAL PHENOLIC GROUPS Article Open access 13 April 2022

PRESSURE-SENSITIVE IN-SITU UNDERWATER ADHESIVES Article Open access 02 January 2025 AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER ADHESION DRIVEN BY WATER-INDUCED INTERFACIAL REARRANGEMENT Article Open access 17

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Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD) established by the World Premier International Research Initiative (WPI), MEXT, Japan. AUTHOR INFORMATION AUTHORS AND

AFFILIATIONS * Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan Hailong Fan Authors * Hailong Fan View author publications You can also

search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Correspondence to Hailong Fan. ETHICS DECLARATIONS CONFLICT OF INTEREST The author declares no competing interests.

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CITE THIS ARTICLE Fan, H. Getting glued in the sea. _Polym J_ 55, 653–664 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41428-023-00769-6 Download citation * Received: 16 January 2023 * Revised: 06

February 2023 * Accepted: 07 February 2023 * Published: 03 March 2023 * Issue Date: June 2023 * DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41428-023-00769-6 SHARE THIS ARTICLE Anyone you share the

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