ABSTRACT Memristor-based platforms could be used to create compact and energy-efficient artificial intelligence (AI) edge-computing systems due to their parallel computation ability in the

analogue domain. However, systems based on memristor arrays face challenges implementing real-time AI algorithms with fully on-device learning due to reliability issues, such as low yield,

poor uniformity and endurance problems. Here we report an analogue computing platform based on a selector-less analogue memristor array. We use interfacial-type titanium oxide memristors

with a gradual oxygen distribution that exhibit high reliability, high linearity, forming-free attribute and self-rectification. Our platform—which consists of a selector-less

structural similarity index measure of 0.81; these values are similar to those of simulations for the ideal case. Access through your institution Buy or subscribe This is a preview of

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OPTOELECTRONIC MEMRISTOR ARRAY FOR DIVERSIFIED IN-SENSOR COMPUTING Article 08 November 2024 A MEMRISTOR-BASED ANALOGUE RESERVOIR COMPUTING SYSTEM FOR REAL-TIME AND POWER-EFFICIENT SIGNAL

PROCESSING Article 26 September 2022 HYBRID ARCHITECTURE BASED ON TWO-DIMENSIONAL MEMRISTOR CROSSBAR ARRAY AND CMOS INTEGRATED CIRCUIT FOR EDGE COMPUTING Article Open access 21 January 2022

DATA AVAILABILITY The data that support the plots within this article and other findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. CODE AVAILABILITY

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was supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Korean government (MSIT) (grant nos. RS-2024-00401234 to H.J., S.-O.P., J.B., T.J., Y.C., S.S., T.P. and S.C.;

2022M3I7A2078273 to H.J., S.-O.P., J.B., T.J., Y.C., S.S., H.-J.J., S.P., T.P. and S.C.; 2022M3F3A2A01072851 to H.J., S.-O.P., J.B., T.J., Y.C., S.S., H.-J.J., S.P., T.P., J.O., J.P., D.J.,

I.K. and S.C.; RS-2023-00209473 to S.H. and Y.-G.Y.; and 2020R1C1C1007464 to H.J., S.-O.P., T.R.K., J.B., T.J., Y.C., S.S., H.-J.J., S.P., T.P. and S.C.) and Institute of Information &

Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation (IITP) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (grant no. RS-2023-00216370 to K.K. and K.-H.K.). AUTHOR INFORMATION Author notes *

These authors contributed equally: Hakcheon Jeong, Seungjae Han. AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST),

Daejeon, Republic of Korea Hakcheon Jeong, Seungjae Han, See-On Park, Tae Ryong Kim, Jongmin Bae, Taehwan Jang, Yoonho Cho, Seokho Seo, Hyun-Jun Jeong, Seungwoo Park, Taehoon Park, Young-Gyu

Yoon & Shinhyun Choi * Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Juyoung Oh * Department of Electrical and Computer

Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea Jeongwoo Park * Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, Republic of Korea Kwangwon Koh & 

Kang-Ho Kim * Department of Intelligence and Information, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Dongsuk Jeon * Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National

University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Dongsuk Jeon * Department of Radiological Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea Inyong Kwon Authors * Hakcheon Jeong View author

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H.J., S.H., S.-O.P., Y.-G.Y. and S.C. conceived this work. H.J., S.H., Y.-G.Y. and S.C. designed the experiments and overall simulation. H.J., S.-O.P., H.-J.J. and T.J. designed and

fabricated the memristor array. H.J., S.-O.P., J.B., S.S. and T.P. performed material analysis. H.J., J.B. and Y.C. conducted electrical measurement of the device. H.J., T.R.K., S.P., J.O.,

J.P., D.J. and I.K. designed the analogue computing unit. S.H. designed the video processing. H.J. and S.H. designed the real-time platform. H.J., S.H., K.K. and K.-H.K. conducted and

improved the video processing implementation. H.J., S.H., S.-O.P., Y.-G.Y. and S.C. prepared the manuscript. All authors contributed to the discussion and analysis of the results regarding

the manuscript. Y.-G.Y. and S.C. supervised the study. CORRESPONDING AUTHORS Correspondence to Young-Gyu Yoon or Shinhyun Choi. ETHICS DECLARATIONS COMPETING INTERESTS The authors declare no

competing interests. PEER REVIEW PEER REVIEW INFORMATION _Nature Electronics_ thanks Muhammad Khan, Kyusang Lee and Guangdong Zhou for their contribution to the peer review of this work.

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SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary Figs. 1–31, Discussion and Tables 1 and 2. SUPPLEMENTARY VIDEO 1 Real-time video foreground and background separation using the developed platform

with 1 K highly reliable selector-less memristor array. RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under

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publishing agreement and applicable law. Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE Jeong, H., Han, S., Park, SO. _et al._ Self-supervised video processing with

self-calibration on an analogue computing platform based on a selector-less memristor array. _Nat Electron_ 8, 168–178 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41928-024-01318-6 Download citation *

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